The statement that China is passing through an unprecedent-ed revolution has almost become a platitude, but its very obviousness in no way diminishes its truth. The changes which this huge and venerable country experienced in the past are negligible when compared with the developments of the last decade. The reason for this difference in degree-which amounts to a qualitative change-is that developments in the past hardly influenced fundamentals, if they ever did so at all, whereas the present transformation deeply affects them. It is even consciously aimed at changing the social structure and all that this entails.