Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Acid-Base RElationships
Ⅰ.Acidic dissociation
Ⅱ.Measures of acidity
Ⅲ.Buffers
Ⅳ.Acid-base balance
Ⅴ.Acid-base disorders
Ⅵ.Clinical relevance: diabetic ketoacidosis
2 Amino Acids and Proteins
Ⅰ.Functions of proteins
Ⅱ.Proteins as polypeptides
Ⅲ.Protein structure
Ⅳ.Protein solubility and R-groups
Ⅴ.Protein denaturation
Ⅵ.Clinical relevance
3 Enzaymes
Ⅰ.Energy relationships
Ⅱ.Free-energy change
Ⅲ.Enzymes as biological catalysts
Ⅳ.Michaelis-Menten equation
Ⅴ.Lineweaver-Burk equation
Ⅵ.Enzyme regulation
Ⅶ.Clinical relevance: methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
4 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Ⅰ.Cellular energy and adenosine triphosphate
Ⅱ.Citric acid cycle
Ⅲ.Products of the citric acid cycle（one revolution）
Ⅳ.Syntheic function of the citric acid cycle
Ⅴ.Regulation of the citric acid cycle
Ⅵ.Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation
Ⅶ.Chemiosmotic hypothesis
Ⅷ.Clinical relevance
5 Carbohydrate Metabolism
Ⅰ.Carbohydate digestion and absorption
Ⅱ.Glycogen metabolism
Ⅲ.Glycolysis
Ⅳ.Gluconeogenesis
Ⅴ.Regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
Ⅵ.Pentose phosphate pathway
Ⅶ.Sucrose and lactose metabolism
6 Lipid Metabolism
Ⅰ.Lipid function
Ⅱ.Lipid digestion
Ⅲ.Lipoprotein transport and metabolism
Ⅳ.Oxidation of fatty acids
Ⅴ.Fatty acid synthesis
Ⅵ.Glycerolipid synthesis
Ⅶ.Sphingolipid synthesis
Ⅷ.Cholesterol synthesis
Ⅸ.Clinical relevance
7 Amino Acid Metabolism
Ⅰ.Functions of amino acids
Ⅱ.Removal of amino acid nigrogen
Ⅲ.Urea cycle and detoxification of NH+4
Ⅳ.Carbon skeletons of amino acids
Ⅴ.Clinical relevance: inherited （inborn） errors of amino metabolism
8 Nucleotide Metabolism
Ⅰ.Nucleotide structure
Ⅱ.Nucleotide function
Ⅲ.Purine nucleotide synthesis
Ⅳ.Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
Ⅴ.Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
Ⅵ.Nucleotide degradation
Ⅶ.Clinical relevance
9 Nutrition
Ⅰ.Energy needs
Ⅱ.Macronutrients
Ⅲ.Micronutrients: the fat-soluble vitamins
……
10 Gene Expression
11 Biochemical Technology
12 Hormones
Index
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