目录
Detailed Contents
前言............................................................................................................................
i
使用本书..................................................................................................................
iii
Chapter 1 托福写作介绍
TOEFL WRITING INTRODUCTION 1
写作部分简介Essay Organization Introduction 3
综合写作简介Integrated Writing Task Introduction 4
综合写作技巧Integrated Writing Skills 7
独立写作简介Essay Organization Introduction 9
独立写作题目总结Independent Writing Task Summary 10
Chapter 2 文章结构
ESSAY ORGANIZATION 19
文章结构介绍Essay Organization Introduction 21
文章开头Opening Paragraph 22
正文结构Body Paragraphs 25
结尾段落Concluding Paragraph 27
Chapter 3 文章发展
ESSAY DEVELOPMENT 29
文章发展介绍Essay Development Introduction 31
因果展开Cause and Effect 32
举例子Giving Examples 36
对比与比较Contrast and Comparison 38
下定义Giving Definition 41
陈述观点Presenting Viewpoints 42
常用过渡语Transitional Words and Phrases 46
Chapter 4 句子构建
SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION 49
基本句型Basic Sentence Types 51
悬挂修饰Dangling Modifier 55
平行结构Parallel Sentence Structure 57
插入语Sentence Interrupter 59
改变句子开头Varying Sentence Openings 60
句子简洁性Writing Concise Sentences 64
句子强调Using Emphatic Pattern 69
改写原文Paraphrase 70
Chapter 5 措辞与语法
WORDING AND GRAMMAR 73
避免非正式用语Avoiding Informal Words 75
避免主观用语Avoiding Personal Language 78
避免用词重复Avoiding Repeating Words 81
避免绝对用语Avoiding Absolute Words 84
避免性别歧视Avoiding Sexist Language 86
避免歧视残障人士Avoiding Offending People with Disabilities 88
主谓一致Subject-Verb Agreement 89
非谓语动词Non-verb 93
单词拼写Common Spelling Errors 99
单词首字母大写Capitalization 107
Chapter 6 功能表达
FUNCTIONAL MATERIAL BANK 109
Chapter 7 语料库：教育与学习
WRITING MATERIAL BANK: EDUCATION AND LEARNING 161
1. The Importance of Education【教育的重要性】163
2. The Benefits of College Education【大学教育的益处】164
3. Technology and Education【科技与教育】166
4. Positive Effects of Technology on Children【技术对儿童的好处】167
5. Negative Effects of Technology on Children【技术对儿童的坏处】168
6. The Importance of Homework【家庭作业的重要性】170
7. Education and Society【教育与社会】171
8. Benefits of Wearing School Uniforms【穿校服的好处】172
9. Benefits of Living on Campus【住校的好处】173
10. Benefits of Extracurricular Activities【课外活动的好处】173
11. Benefits of Small Classes【小班的好处】174
12. Benefits of Studying Abroad【出国留学的好处】174
13. Benefits of Getting Ph.D.【攻读博士学位的好处】176
14. Benefits of All Girls School【女子学校的好处】176
15. Benefits of Standardized Testing【标准化考试的好处】177
16. Negative Effects of Standardized Testing【标准化考试的坏处】178
Chapter 8 语料库：课程与教学
WRITING MATERIAL BANK: CURRICULUM AND TEACHING 181
1. The Importance of Art Education【艺术教育的重要性】183
2. The Benefits of Studying Economics【学习经济的好处】185
3. Benefits of Bilingual Education【双语教育的好处】186
4. Benefits of Learning English【学习英语的好处】186
5. The Benefits of Science Education【学习科学的好处】187
6. The Benefits of History Education【学习历史的好处】189
7. The Benefits of Music Education【音乐教育的好处】191
8. Characteristics of a Good Teacher【好老师的特点】193
9. Teacher and Learning【教师与学习】196
Chapter 9 语料库：环境与保护
WRITING MATERIAL BANK: ENVIRONMENT AND PROTECTION 197
1. Mother Nature【自然母亲】199
2. Protecting Plants【保护植被】201
3. Protecting the Oceans【保护海洋】203
4. Ozone Layer Depletion【臭氧层破坏】204
5. Endangered Species【濒危物种】205
6. Global Warming【全球变暖】206
7. Water Pollution【水污染】207
8. Water Resources【水资源】208
9. Air Pollution【空气污染】208
10. Environment Conservation【环境保护】209
Chapter 10 语料库：科技与生活
WRITING MATERIAL BANK: TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE 211
1. Benefits of Science and Technology【科技的益处】213
2. Negative Effects of Science【科技的弊端】214
3. Science and Life【科学与生活】216
4. Technology and Human Society【科技与人类社会】217
5. Benefits of Automobiles【汽车的好处】218
6. Negative Effects of Automobiles【汽车的坏处】220
7. Benefits of Public Transportation【公共交通的好处】221
8. Benefits of Electric Vehicles【电动车的好处】221
9. About Cellphones【有关手机】222
10. Negative Effects of Cellphones【手机的坏处】223
11. Benefits of Computers【电脑的好处】224
12. Disadvantages of Internet【网络的弊端】225
13. The Importance of Renewable Energy【可再生资源的重要性】227
14. Effects of Conventional Electricity Production【传统发电影响】228
15. Benefits of Wind Energy【风能的好处】229
16. Benefits of Solar Energy【太阳能的好处】230
17. Healthy Life Style【健康生活方式】231
Chapter 11 语料库：休闲与健康
WRITING MATERIAL BANK: LEISURE AND HEALTH 233
1. Benefits of Traveling【旅行的好处】235
2. Benefits of Ecotourism【生态旅游的好处】236
3. Benefits of leisure Time【休闲的好处】237
4. Sports and Health【运动与健康】238
5. Benefits of Physical Exercise【体育锻炼的好处】240
6. Benefits of Sports for Students【运动对学生的好处】241
7. Cycling【自行车】242
8. Singing【唱歌】242
9. Handling Pressure【面对压力】243
Chapter 12 语料库：工作与财富
WRITING MATERIAL BANK: WORK AND WEALTH 245
1. Benefits of Volunteering【志愿工作的好处】247
2. Benefits of Team Work【团队协作的好处】248
3. Disadvantages of Team Work【团队协作的坏处】250
4. Benefits of Internship【实习的好处】250
5. Benefits of Job Rotation【岗位轮换的好处】252
6. Benefits of a Part-time Job【兼职的好处】252
7. Working at Home【居家工作】253
8. About Money【关于钱】254
9. How to Spend Money Wisely【如何明智地消费】256
10. Benefits of Money Management【资金管理的好处】257
11. Benefits of Budgeting【做预算的好处】258
12. Teaching Children About Money【教孩子理财】259
Chapter 13 语料库：亲情与友情
WRITING MATERIAL BANK: FAMILY AND FRIENDSHIP 261
1. The Importance of Families【家庭的重要性】263
2. Love【爱】265
3. Mothers【母亲】266
4. Fathers【父亲】268
5. Friendship【友谊】269
6. Man’s Best Friend【狗】272
Chapter 14 语料库：其他话题
WRITING MATERIAL BANK: COLLECTION OF OTHER TOPICS 273
1. Books【书籍】275
2. Benefits of Reading Books【读书的好处】276
3. Art Program Types【艺术分类】277
4. Negative Effects of TV【电视的负面影响】278
5. Benefits of Advertising【广告的好处】279
6. Benefits of Goal Setting【设定目标的好处】280
7. The Importance of Planning【计划的重要性】282
8. Embrace Failure【拥抱失败】284
9. Success【成功】285
10. About Cities【关于城市】287
Chapter 15 附录
APPENDIX 289
泛指词和特指词General and Specific Words 291
参考文献Reference 325
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