速查版孕产期全程指导（彩色图文版）

第一章 幸福妈妈的“幸孕”十月 做好计划，优生优育....................... 2 提前做好怀孕计划 ................................. 2 健康怀孕的条件 ..................................... 2 健康的精子及卵子........................................ 2 通畅的生殖道.............................................. 3 怀孕的理想季节 ..................................... 3 怀孕的最佳年龄 ..................................... 5 最佳受孕时间 ........................................ 5 如何推算排卵期 ..................................... 6 通过生理周期推算........................................ 6 通过基础体温推算........................................ 6 通过宫颈黏液推算........................................ 6 怎样更易怀上小宝宝 ............................. 6 精神放松..................................................... 6 合理安排性生活........................................... 6 不可忽视的孕前检查 ............................. 7 孕前检查项目........................................... 7 准爸爸的孕前检查内容................................. 8 引起胎儿发育异常的因素 ...................... 8 优生优育 ................................................ 9 避免高龄妊娠.............................................. 9 身体健康状况欠佳时要避免妊娠.................... 9 避免接触放射线........................................... 9 停用药物..................................................... 9 忌烟、酒..................................................... 9 远离宠物危险.............................................10 创造良好的受孕环境...................................10 孕前必须治疗的疾病 ........................... 10 贫血..........................................................10 高血压病....................................................11 心脏病.......................................................11 糖尿病.......................................................11 肝脏疾病....................................................11 肾脏疾病....................................................11 阴道炎.......................................................11 孕前心理调适 ...................................... 12 减轻不必要的担忧 ............................... 12 Rh血型不合严重吗 .............................. 13 导致不孕的因素 ................................... 13 阴道因素....................................................13 宫颈因素....................................................13 子宫因素....................................................13 输卵管因素................................................14 卵巢因素....................................................14 内分泌因素................................................14 先天性因素................................................14 免疫因素....................................................14 孕前营养搭配 ...................................... 14 实现标准体重.............................................15 合理安排饮食.............................................15 纠正营养失衡.............................................15 健康饮食行为.............................................15 孕前食物大本营 ................................... 16 夫妻都要补叶酸 ................................... 16 十月怀胎经历 ................................ 17 如何判断是否怀孕 ............................... 17 月经逾期不来.............................................17 基础体温持续在高温段................................17 早孕反应....................................................17 乳头、乳晕及乳房变化................................17 尿液检查....................................................17 B超检查.....................................................18 预产期的计算方式 ............................... 18 从末次月经计算预产期................................18 从胎动时间推算预产期................................18 B超检查推算预产期.....................................18 早孕反应 .............................................. 19 保持乐观的心情..........................................19 吃得舒服一点.............................................19 身体不适时要休息.......................................19 寻求家人帮助.............................................20 保证充足的睡眠..........................................20 胎动初感 .............................................. 20 胎儿的生长发育过程 ........................... 20 孕妈妈身体的变化 ............................... 21 生殖系统方面.............................................21 心血管方面................................................21 呼吸系统方面.............................................21 泌尿系统方面.............................................22 消化系统方面.............................................22 其他..........................................................22 妊娠期生理现象 ................................... 22 阴道..........................................................22 皮肤..........................................................23 心血管.......................................................23 消化..........................................................23 膀胱..........................................................23 呼吸..........................................................23 骨骼..........................................................23 孕期孕妈妈乳房的变化........................ 23 孕早期乳房的变化.......................................23 孕中期乳房的变化.......................................24 孕晚期乳房的变化.......................................24 腹部增大 .............................................. 24 妊娠后子宫的变化 ............................... 25 孕妈妈的体重变化 ............................... 26 患妊娠期高血压综合征的概率增加................26 难产发生概率较高.......................................26 围生期胎儿的死亡率高................................27 影响产后身体的健康状况.............................27 影响宝宝以后的健康...................................27 轻松应对孕期小问题 ..................... 27 白带增多 .............................................. 27 尿频 ..................................................... 28 腹胀 ..................................................... 28 便秘 ..................................................... 29 小腿抽筋 .............................................. 29 晕厥 ..................................................... 30 偏头痛 ................................................. 30 鼻出血 ................................................. 31 妊娠斑与皮肤色素沉着........................ 31 妊娠纹 ................................................. 32 静脉曲张 .............................................. 32 手部麻木及疼痛 ................................... 33 头晕、眼花 .......................................... 33 贫血..........................................................33 妊娠高血压综合征.......................................34 小腿水肿 .............................................. 34 心慌、气短 .......................................... 34 腰背疼痛 .............................................. 35 坐骨神经痛 .......................................... 35 原因..........................................................35 主要临床表现.............................................36 治疗..........................................................36 情绪不稳定 .......................................... 36 异常妊娠要关注 ............................. 37 流产 ..................................................... 37 胚胎原因....................................................37 母体原因....................................................37 异位妊娠 .............................................. 38 葡萄胎 ................................................. 39 停经..........................................................39 阴道流血....................................................39 子宫异常增大.............................................39 腹痛..........................................................39 贫血与感染................................................39 胚胎萎缩 .............................................. 40 高危妊娠及其监护措施 ................. 41 高危妊娠 .............................................. 41 羊水过多 .............................................. 41 羊水过少 .............................................. 42 母子血型不合及其危害........................ 43 妊娠期糖尿病 ...................................... 45 妊娠高血压综合征 ............................... 46 胆汁淤积症 .......................................... 47 泌尿系统感染 ...................................... 48 急腹症 ................................................. 49 急性阑尾炎 .......................................... 50 贫血 ..................................................... 50 营养缺乏引起的贫血...................................50 胃肠道疾病引起的贫血................................51 急、慢性失血引起的贫血.............................51 胎儿生长受限 ...................................... 51 巨大儿 ................................................. 52 双胎妊娠 .............................................. 53 补充营养、纠正贫血...................................53 提前住院待产.............................................53 妊娠晚期阴道出血 ............................... 54 臀位 ..................................................... 55 纠正臀位的方法..........................................55 横位 ..................................................... 56 胎膜早破 .............................................. 56 早产 ..................................................... 57 过期妊娠 .............................................. 58 孕期检查保健康 ............................. 58 检查前的准备工作 ............................... 58 检查前精神准备..........................................58 检查前物质准备..........................................59 孕期检查时间与常规检查内容 ................ 59 初次产前检查的内容...................................60 建册时常规辅助检查...................................60 唐氏综合征血清筛查（孕14～20周做）..........60 妊娠糖尿病筛查（孕24～28周做）.................60 胎心监护（孕35周后每周一次）....................60 阴道分泌物检查（孕13～27周建卡时做）..........60 尿常规检查................................................61 血常规检查................................................61 超声检查（孕10～14周、18～24周、32～36 周各做1次）.............................................61 孕早期的常规检查 ............................... 62 询问内容....................................................62 相关的身体检查..........................................62 孕中期常规检查 ................................... 63 实验室检查................................................63 腹部触诊....................................................63 测量血压....................................................63 超声检查....................................................63 孕晚期的常规检查 ............................... 63 检查胎儿的生长发育状况.............................64 询问孕妈妈的身体情况................................64 常规检查....................................................64 一些常规检查 ...................................... 64 肝肾功能检查.............................................64 乙型肝炎病毒学检查...................................65 丙型肝炎病毒学检查...................................65 心电图检查................................................65 超声检查....................................................65 妊娠糖尿病检查..........................................66 需要重点检查的项目 ........................... 66 甲胎蛋白筛查.............................................66 三项试验....................................................66 绒毛膜绒毛取样检查...................................67 羊膜穿刺术................................................67 胎儿脐静脉穿刺术.......................................67 梅毒血清学试验..........................................67 艾滋病血清学检查.......................................67 淋病细菌学检查..........................................67 妊娠糖尿病筛查..........................................68 脐带血检查................................................68 颈项超声扫描.............................................68 孕期的自我监护与家庭监护................ 68 探测胎儿心跳 ...................................... 69 电子胎心监护.............................................69 远程胎心监护.............................................70 孕妈妈用药的注意事项........................ 70 围生期和围生期保健 ........................... 71 十月孕期生活指南 ......................... 72 孕期睡眠调节 ...................................... 72 睡眠时间....................................................72 睡眠时应采取的体位...................................72 选择合适的床及床上用品.............................73 孕妈妈的着装与打扮 ........................... 74 适合孕妈妈的穿着打扮................................74 孕妈妈化妆宜淡不宜浓................................74 完美孕妈妈的美容技巧............................75 亮丽秀发的护理技巧...................................75 适宜孕妈妈的居住环境........................ 76 孕妈妈做家务的注意事项 .................... 77 孕妈妈度夏的注意事项........................ 77 孕妈妈过冬的注意事项........................ 78 应避免的工作及环境 ........................... 79 洗澡时的注意事项 ............................... 79 谨慎使用空调 ...................................... 80 孕妈妈要避开的辐射源........................ 80 旅游、出差多注意 ............................... 81 孕期适量运动 ...................................... 82 孕期活动注意姿势 ............................... 82 坐姿 ....................................................... 82 站姿..........................................................82 行姿..........................................................83 孕期性生活指导 ................................... 83 孕期保健课程 ...................................... 84 预防感冒有妙招 ................................... 84 多吃富含维生素C的食物..............................84 多喝水、多休息、保持空气清新湿润.............85 注意食疗....................................................85 适度运动....................................................85 口腔卫生要注意 ................................... 85 每天早晚刷牙.............................................85 刷牙后漱口不宜多.......................................85 定期进行口腔检查.......................................86 多吃蔬菜，少吃糖.......................................86