中国宪法（双语）

第一章宪法学基本理论(1)
第一节宪法学的基本问题(1)
一、宪法学的概念(1)
二、宪法学的研究对象(1)
第二节宪法释义(2)
一、词源学意义上的宪法含义(2)
二、法学意义上的宪法含义(3)
第三节中国宪法形式与宪法结构(6)
一、中国宪法的主要渊源(6)
二、我国宪法的结构(15)
第四节宪法的原则(17)
一、人民主权原则(17)
二、基本人权原则(20)
三、权力制约原则(24)
四、法治原则(29)
第五节宪法的效力(31)
一、宪法效力概述(31)
二、宪法效力的特点(31)
三、我国关于私人行为宪法效力的研究及实践(33)
第六节宪法与宪政(36)
一、宪政概述(36)
二、社会主义国家与宪政(40)
第二章宪法的创制(43)
第一节宪法的创制(43)
一、宪法的制定(43)
二、中国现行的宪法解释制度及其实践(45)
第三章中国宪法的历史与发展(50)
第一节1949年前中国宪法的历史(50)
一、宪政问题在中国的最初提出(50)
二、资产阶级民主共和国的宪法方案(52)
三、人民革命根据地的宪法性文件(54)
第二节1949年后中国宪法的历史与发展(55)
一、《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》(55)
二、“五四宪法”(56)
三、“八二宪法”及修正(57)
第四章国家制度(上)(62)
第一节国家性质(62)
一、中国的国家性质(62)
二、我国人民民主专政的基本内容(64)
第二节中国的政党制度(67)
一、我国现有政党概述(67)
二、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度(68)
三、中国人民政治协商会议(73)
第三节中国的政权组织形式(74)
一、政权组织形式的界定(74)
二、我国的政权组织形式：人民代表大会制(75)
第四节选举制度(78)
一、选举制度概述(78)
二、我国的选举制度(78)
第五章国家制度(下)(90)
第一节国家结构形式(90)
一、国家结构形式概述(90)
二、我国的国家结构形式及其特点(91)
三、我国的行政区划制度(92)
第二节民族区域自治制度与特别行政区制度(99)
一、民族区域自治制度(99)
二、特别行政区制度(103)
第六章公民的基本权利和义务(111)
第一节公民的基本权利与义务概述(111)
一、我国公民基本权利与义务规定的特点(111)
二、“人权”入宪与中国的人权保障(117)
第二节我国公民的基本权利(119)
一、中国宪法中基本权利的主体(119)
二、我国公民基本权利体系(122)
第三节我国公民的基本义务(149)
一、维护祖国统一和民族团结(149)
二、遵守法纪和公德义务(150)
三、维护祖国安全、荣誉和利益义务(152)
四、保卫祖国义务(152)
五、依法纳税义务(153)
第七章中央国家机构(155)
第一节我国国家机构的组织和活动原则(155)
一、民主集中制原则(155)
二、社会主义法治原则(156)
三、责任制原则(157)
第二节最高权力机关(158)
一、全国人民代表大会(158)
二、全国人民代表大会各委员会(163)
三、全国人民代表大会代表(164)
第三节国家元首(166)
一、国家主席的产生和任期(166)
二、国家主席的职权(167)
三、国家副主席的工作(168)
第四节中央行政机关(169)
一、中央行政机关的性质和地位(169)
二、国务院的组成和任期(169)
三、国务院的领导体制(170)
四、国务院的职权(171)
五、国务院所属各部、各委员会(173)
第五节中央军事委员会(174)
一、中央军事委员会的性质和地位(174)
二、中央军事委员会的组成和任期(174)
三、中央军事委员会的责任(175)
第八章地方国家机构(176)
第一节地方各级人民代表大会及地方各级人民政府(176)
一、地方各级人民代表大会(176)
二、地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会(180)
三、地方各级人民政府(182)
第二节民族自治机关和特别行政区机关(185)
一、民族自治地方的自治机关(185)
二、特别行政区的国家机关(186)
第四节人民法院和人民检察院(193)
一、人民法院(193)
二、人民检察院(196)
第九章我国的基层群众自治制度(198)
第一节村民自治(199)
一、村民自治机关(199)
二、村民自治权利(201)
第二节城市居民自治(203)
一、城市居民自治机关(203)
二、城市居民自治权利(206)
后记(207)ContentsContents
Chapter 1Fundamental Theories of Constitution(1)
1.1Fundamental Questions of Constitution(1)
1.1.1The Concept of Constitution(1)
1.1.2The Research Object of Constitution(1)
1.2Interpretation of Constitution(2)
1.2.1The Meaning of Constitution in Etymology(2)
1.2.2The Meaning of Constitution in the Science of Law(3)
1.3Form and Structure of China’s Constitution(6)
1.3.1The Main Original Forms of China’s Constitution(6)
1.3.2The Structure of the Constitution of China(15)
1.4The Principle of a Constitution(17)
1.4.1The Principle of Sovereignty of the People(17)
1.4.2Fundamental Human Rights(20)
1.4.3Restraint of Power(24)
1.4.4The Principle of the Rule of Law(29)
1.5The Validity of Constitution(31)
1.5.1Introduction to the Validity of Constitution(31)
1.5.2Features of the Validity of Constitution(31)
1.5.3The Study and Practice of Constitutional Effect on Private Behavior in China(33)
1.6Constitution and Constitutionalism(36)
1.6.1Introduction to Constitutionalism(36)
1.6.2Socialist Country and Constitutionalism(40)
Chapter 2The Initiatives of Constitution(43)
2.1The Initiatives of Constitution(43)
2.1.1The Formulation of a Constitution(43)
2.1.2The Interpreting System and Its Practice for the Current Constitution of China(45)
Chapter 3The History and Development of the Constitution of China(50)
3.1The History of the Constitution of China before 1949(50)
3.1.1Initial Mention of Constitution in China(50)
3.1.2Constitution Scheme of Chinese Bourgeois Democratic Pepublic(52)
3.1.3Constitutional Documents during the Revolutionary Base Area Period(54)
3.2The History and Development of Constitution of China after 1949(55)
3.2.1Common Program(55)
3.2.2The Constitution of 1954 (56)
3.2.3The Constitution of 1982 and Its Amendments(57)
Chapter 4The State System (Part One)(62)
4.1Nature of the State(62)
4.1.1Nature of the State of China(62)
4.1.2The Basic Content for the People’s Democratic Dictatorship of Our Country(64)
4.2Political Party System of China(67)
4.2.1Overview of the Current Political Parties(67)
4.2.2The System of the Multi?Party Cooperation and Political Consultation Led
by the Communist Party of China(68)
4.2.3The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(73)
4.3Organizational Form of Political Power of China(74)
4.3.1Definition of Organizational Form of Political Power(74)
4.3.2Organizational Form of Political Power of Our Country：the System of
the People’s Congress(75)
4.4Electoral System(78)
4.4.1Summary of Electoral System(78)
4.4.2Electoral System of China(78)
Chapter 5The State System (Part Two)(90)
5.1State Structure(90)
5.1.1Introduction to State Structure(90)
5.1.2The State Structure and Its Features of China(91)
5.1.3The Administrative Division System of China(92)
5.2The Regional National Autonomy System and the Special
Administrative Region System(99)
5.2.1The Regional National Autonomous System(99)
5.2.2The Special Administrative Region System(103)
Chapter 6The Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens(111)
6.1Introduction to the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens(111)
6.1.1The Features of the Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens in
China’s Constitution(111)
6.1.2Human Rights Written into the Constitution and the Guarantee of
China’s Human Rights(117)
6.2The Fundamental Rights of Citizens of China(119)
6.2.1The Subject of the Fundamental Rights in China’s Constitution(119)
6.2.2The Fundamental Rights System of Citizens in China(122)
6.3The Fundamental Duties of Citizens of China(149)
6.3.1The Duty to Safeguard the Unity of the Country and the Unity of
All Its Nationalities(149)
6.3.2The Duty to Abide by Laws and Disciplines， as well as Social Ethics(150)
6.3.3The Duty to Safeguard the Security， Honour and Interests of the Motherland(152)
6.3.4The Duty to Defend the Motherland(152)
6.3.5The Duty to Pay Taxes in accordance with the Law(153)
Chapter 7Central State Organs(155)
7.1Principles for the Organization and Activities of State Organs in China(155)
7.1.1Principle of Democratic Centralism(155)
7.1.2Socialist Principle of the Rule of Law(156)
7.1.3Principle of Accountability(157)
7.2The Highest Authority(158)
7.2.1The National People’s Congress(158)
7.2.2The Committees of the National People’s Congress(163)
7.2.3Deputies to the National People’s Congress(164)
7.3Head of the State(166)
7.3.1Election and Term of Office of the President(166)
7.3.2Functions and Powers of the President(167)
7.3.3Work of the Vice?President(168)
7.4Central Administrative Organs(169)
7.4.1The Nature and Status of the Central Administrative Organs(169)
7.4.2Composition and Term of Office of the State Council(169)
7.4.3Leadership System of the State Council(170)
7.4.4Functions and Powers of the State Council(171)
7.4.5Ministries and Commissions under the State Council(173)
7.5The Central Military Commission(174)
7.5.1Nature and Status of the Central Military Commission(174)
7.5.2Composition and Term of Office of the Central Military Commission(174)
7.5.3Responsibility of the Central Military Commission(175)
Chapter 8Local State Organs(176)
8.1Local People’s Congresses and Local People’s Government at
Various Levels(176)
8.1.1Local People’s Congresses at Various Levels(176)
8.1.2The Standing Committees of Local People’s Congresses at Various Levels(180)
8.1.3Local People’s Governments at Various Levels(182)
8.2National Autonomous Organs and the Organs of the Special
Administrative Regions(185)
8.2.1The Organs of Self?government of National Autonomous Area(185)
8.2.2The Organs of the Special Administrative Regions(186)
8.4The People’s Courts and the People’s Procuratorates(193)
8.4.1The People’s Courts(193)
8.4.2The People’s Procuratorates(196)
Chapter 9Self?government System of the Grass?roots(198)
9.1Self?government of Villagers(199)
9.1.1Organs of Villagers’ Self?government(199)
9.1.2Rights of Villagers Self?government(201)
9.2Self?government of Urban Residents(203)
9.2.1Organs of Urban Residents Self?government(203)
9.2.2Rights of Urban Residents’ Self?government(206)
Epilogue(208)