1 Introduction
2 Quantities of Spectroscopy
2.1 Radiometric Quantities
2.2 Measured Quantities
2.3 Local Quantities
2.3.1 Homogeneous Plasmas
2.3.2 Axially and Spherically Symmetric Plasmas
2.3.3 Plasmas Without Symmetry
2.4 Radiance of Plasmas with Re-Absorption
3 Spectroscopic Instruments
3.1 General Considerations
3.2 Dispersing Elements
3.2.1 Prisms
3.2.2 Gratings
3.2.3 Crystals
3.2.4 Interferometers
3.3 Windows, Filters, Mirrors, Optics
3.3.1 Windows
3.3.2 Filters
3.3.3 Mirrors
3.3.4 Optics
3.4 Spectrometer Designs
3.4.1 Prism Spectrometers
3.4.2 Spectrometers with a Plane Grating
3.4.3 Spectrometers with a Concave Grating
3.4.4 Spectrometers with Transmission Grating
3.4.5 Crystal Spectrometers
3.4.6 Interferometric Spectrometers
3.5 Alignment and Apparatus Function
4 Detectors
4.1 General Properties
4.2 Photoemissive Detectors
4.2.1 Photocells
4.2.2 Photomultipliers
4.2.3 Channel Photomultipliers and Microchannel Plates
4.3 Semiconductor Detectors
4.3.1 Photoconductors
4.3.2 Photodiodes
4.3.3 Array Detectors
4.4 Photoionization Detectors
4.4.1 Ionization Chambers
4.4.2 Proportional Chambers
4.4.3 Multiwire Proportional Chambers
4.4.4 Gas Amplification Detectors
4.5 Miscellaneous Detectors
5 Calibration
5.1 Wavelength Calibration
5.2 Sensitivity Calibration
5.2.1 Some General Considerations
5.2.2 UV to Near-Infrared
5.2.3 Vacuum-Ultraviolet
5.2.4 X-ray Region
6 Radiative Processes in Plasmas
6.1 Overview
6.2 Line Radiation
6.2.1 Emission and Absorption by Atoms and Ions
6.2.2 Emission by Molecules
6.2.3 Theoretical.Considerations and Scaling Laws
6.3 Continuum Radiation
6.3.1 Recombination Radiation and Photoionization
6.3.2 Bremsstrahlung
6.3.3 Negative Ion and Molecular Continua
6.3.4 Rate Coefficients for Radiative Recombination
7 Collisional Processes
7.1 Introductory Remarks
7.2 Collisional Excitation and Deexcitation by Electron Impacts
7.3 Electron Impact Ionization and Three-Body Recombination
7.4 Dielectronic Recombination and Autoionization
7.5 Charge Exchange Processes
7.6 Ion and Atom Impact Excitation and Ionization
8 Kinetics of the Population of Atomic Levels in Plasmas
9 Line Broadening
10 Diagnostic Applications