The experimental discovery of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped atomic clouds opened up the exploration of quantum phenomena in a qualitatively new regime. Our aim in the present work is to provide an introduction to this rapidly developing field.
The study of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases draws on many different subfields of physics. Atomic physics provides the basic methods for creating and manipulating these systems, and the physical data required to characterize them. Because interactions between atoms play a key role in the behaviour of ultracold atomic clouds, concepts and methods from condensed matter physics are used extensively. Investigations of spatial and temporal correlations of particles provide links to quantum optics, where related studies have been made for photons. Trapped atomic clouds have some similarities to atomic nuclei, and insights from nuclear physics have been helpful in understanding their properties.
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