1 Introduction
1．1 The Environment—Concept and Issues
1．2 Environmental Challenges and Responses
1．3 Environment and International Legal Order
1．4 China & International Environmental Law in General
1．5 Conclusion
2 Origin and Evolution of International Environmental Law
2．1 Introduction
2．2 Before the 1972 Stockholm Conference
2．3 From Stockholm to Rio： 1972—1992
2．4 From Rio to Rio+20
2．5 Conclusion
3 Institutions and Governance
3．1 Introduction
3．2 States
3．3 International Institutions
3．4 Non—State Actors
3．5 Conclusion
4 General Principles and Rules
4．1 Introduction
4．2 Sovereignty over Natural Resources and the Responsibility Not to Cause Damage to the Environment of other States or to Areas beyond National Jurisdiction
4．3 Principle of Preventive Action
4．4 Precautionary Principle
4．5 Polluter pays Principle
4．6 Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
4．7 International Cooperation
4．8 Sustainable Development
4．9 Conclusion
5 Implementation of the General Principles and Rules
5．1 Introduction
5．2 Regulatory Measures
5．3 Econo mic In struments
5．4 Integrated Environmental Management
5．5 Environmental Impact Assessment and Risk Assessment
5．6 Environmental Information
5．7 Conclusion
6 Compliance： Enforcement and Conflict Resolution
6．1 Introduction
6．2 National Compliance of International Environmental Law
6．3 International Comp（iance Mechanisms
6．4 International Environmental Conflict Resolution
6．5 Conclusion
7 Atmosphere
7．1 Introduction
7．2 Transboundary Air Pollution
7．3 Ozone Depletion
7．4 Climate Change
7．5 Outer Space
7．6 China and Atmosphere
7．7 Conclusion
8 Oceans and Seas
8．1 Introduction
8．2 Combating Different Sources of Marine Pollution
8．3 Regional Seas Programmes
8．4 China and Oceans and Seas
8．5 Conclusion
9 Freshwater Resources
9．1 Introduction
9．2 Global Responses
9．3 Regional Responses
9．4 China and Freshwater Resources
9．5 Conclusion
10 Biological Diversity
10．1 Introduction
10．2 International Legal Responses
10．3 Biotechnology & Biosafety
10．4 Access and Benefit Sharing
10．5 Conservation of Marine Living Resources and Marine Biodiversity
10．6 China and Biological Divefsity
10．7 Conclusion
11 Land Resources
11．1 Introduction
11．2 International Legaland Policy Responses
11．3 Combating Desertification
11．4 Wetlands
11．5 World Heritages
11．6 Polar Regions
11．7 China and Land Resources
11．8 Conclusion
12 Hazardous Substances and Activities
12．1 Introduction
12．2 Chemicals， Pesticides and other Dangerous Substances
12．3 Persistent Organic Pollutants
12．4 Hazardous Wastes
12．5 Mercury
12．6 Radioactive Substances & Activities
12．7 Accident Prevention， Preparedness and Response
12．8 China and Hazardous Substances and Activities
12．9 Conclusion
13 Economic Activities and Environment
14 Human Rights and Environment
15 Armed Conflict & Environment
Select Bibliography
Abbreviations and Acronyms
About the Author
Acknowledgements
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