Contents
Part I Context of Soil and Plant Analysis
1 Overview of Soil and Plant Analysis for Forest Ecosystems
1.1 Soils are Physically.Chemically and Biologically Complex
Part II Introductory Methods in Soil and Plant Analyses
2 Field Characterization of Soils to Establish Sampling Protocols
2.1 Soil Sampling Design and Methods
2.1.1 Introduction to Sampling Design
2.1.1.1 Accuracy，Bias，and Precision
2.1.1.2 General Considerations on Soil Sampling
2.1.1.3 Common Sampling Tools and Techniques
2.1.1.4 Soil Sample Preparation
2.1.2 Soil Sample Process Procedure
2.1.2.1 Sample Variability Number of Samples Required
3 Plant Tissue Characterization
3.1 Tissue Sampling
3.2 Tissue Preparation and Laboratory Extraction
4 Introduction： Laboratory Practices.
4.1 General Laboratory Protocol
4.1.1 Safety
4.1.2 Laboratory Water
4.1.3 Cleanup
4.1.4 Waste Disposal
Part III Soil Physical，Chemical and Biological Analyses
5 Methods for Analyzing Soil Physical Characteristics
5.1 Soil Moisture
5.1.1 Direct Methods of Estimating Soil Moisture and Soil Water Potential
5.1.2 Procedure to Determine Gravimetric Water C0ncentrations
5.2 Soil Bulk Density
5.2.1 Soil Bulk Density Methods
5.3 Soil Texture （ Particle Size Analysis or Mechanical Analysis ）
5.3.1 Soil Texture Methods53
5.3.1.1 Soil Texture Procedure：Bouyoucos Hydrometer Method5l
5.4 Soil Water Potential58
5.4.1 Pressure Plate Apparatus Procedure：Soil Moisture Release Curve
6 Soil Chemical Characterization
6.1 Soil pH70
6.1.1 Measuring pH
6.1.2 The Care of pH Electrodes
6.2 Electrical Conductivity（EC）
6.2.l Saturated Paste Extract Procedure：Electrical Conductivity
6.3 Ion Exchange in Soils
6.3.1 Cation Exchange Capacity.
6.3.2 Exchangeable Cations86
6.3.3 Extraction Procedures for Exchangeable Cations and Cation Exchange Capacity
6.4 Exchangeable Soil Acidity
6.4.1 Extraction Procedures for Exchangeable Soil Acidity
6.4.1.l Exchangeable Acidity（Barium Chloride Triethalnolamine Method）
6.4.1.2 Exchangeable Acidity（Potassium Chloride Methodl
6.5 Extractable Inorganic Soil Nitrogen
6.5.1 Extraction Methods for Inorganic Soil Nitrogen
6.5.1.1 Single Extraction Procedure： Extractable Inorganic Nitrogen
6.5.1.2 Double Extraction Procedure：Mechanical vacuum Extractor
6.6 Soil Phosphorus
6.6.1 Methodology for Measuring Soil Phosphorus
6.6.2 Procedure：Extractable Inorganic Phosphorus
6.7 Soil Carbon and Organic Matter
6.7.1 Dry Combustion Procedure：Total Soil Carbon and Nitrogen
6.7.2 Loss on Ignition（LOI）Procedure：Total Soil Organic Matter
6.7.3 Walkley Black Procedure：Soil Carbon
6.8 Selective Dissolution of Iron and Aluminum
6.8.l Extraction Procedure：Organically Complexed Iron and Aluminum
6.8.2 Extraction Procedure：Non.crystalline Soil Iron and Aluminum Oxides
7 Total Plant and Soil Nutrient Analysis（Digestion）
7.1 wet Oxidation Method
7.2 Dry Oxidation Method
7.3 total Dissolved Carbon and Nitrogen in Water
7.4 Modified Kjeldahl Digest Procedure：Sulfuric Acid Digest for \
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