Coloring of Plastics：Fundamental-Application-Masterbatch

Chapter 1 Introduction of Plastics and Color / 1 1.1 Plastics 1 1.1.1 Properties of Plastics 1 1.1.2 Applications of Plastics 3 1.1.3 Classification and Variety of Plastics 3 1.1.4 Modified Plastics 14 1.2 Coloring of Plastics 14 1.2.1 The Meaning of Plastic Coloring 14 1.2.2 Plastic Colorants 16 1.2.3 Types and Properties of Plastic Colorant 18 Chapter 2 Basic Requirements of Color Preparations / 22 2.1 Basic Requirements of Color Preparations 22 2.1.1 Requirements of Colorant Based on Types of Plastic 22 2.1.2 Requirements of Colorant Based on Plastic Molding Process 24 2.1.3 Requirements of Colorant Based on the Application of Plastic 26 2.1.4 Basic Requirements of the Plastic Colorant 27 2.2 Color Performance 29 2.2.1 Tinting Strength 29 2.2.2 Saturation, Lightness, Hiding Power 29 2.2.3 Dichroism 30 2.3 Thermal Resistance 31 2.3.1 Definition 32 2.3.2 Concentration 32 2.3.3 Chemical Structure, Crystal Modification, Particle Size 33 2.3.4 Resins and Additives 35 2.3.5 Applications 36 2.4 Dispersion 37 2.4.1 Impact on Dispersion of Pigment Surface Properties 38 2.4.2 Impact on Dispersion of Particle Size and Distribution 38 2.5 Migration 39 2.5.1 The Main Reason for Migration 39 2.5.2 Impact of Chemical Structure and Concentration on Migration 40 2.5.3 Application of Migration Indicators 41 2.5.4 New Application Requirements for Migration in Consumer Goods Regulations 41 2.6 Light Fastness/ Weather Resistance 42 2.6.1 Chemical Structure and Particle Size of Pigment 43 2.6.2 Applications of Light Fastness (Weather Resistance) Indexes 44 2.6.3 Difference Between Light Fastness (Weather Resistance) Index and Practical Applications 47 2.7 Shrinkage/Warpage 47 2.7.1 Effect Based on Crystallization 48 2.7.2 Effect Based on Chemical Structure, Crystal Modification, Particle Size and Concentration of Pigment 50 2.7.3 Application of Shrinkage/Warpage Index 53 2.8 Chemical Stability 53 2.8.1 Acid and Alkali Resistance 53 2.8.2 Solvent Resistance 54 2.8.3 Oxidation Resistance 54 2.9 Security 55 2.9.1 Acute Toxicity of Chemicals 55 2.9.2 Organic Pigments Impurities 55 2.9.3 Security of Double Chloride Benzidine Pigment 56 2.9.4 Heavy Metal in Inorganic Pigments 59 Chapter 3 Main Types and Properties of Inorganic Pigments and Specialty Effect Pigments / 61 3.1 Development History of Inorganic Pigments 61 3.2 Classification and Composition of Inorganic Pigments 63 3.2.1 Classification of Inorganic Pigments 63 3.2.2 Composition of Inorganic Pigments 63 3.3 Plastic Coloring Properties of Inorganic Pigment 65 3.3.1 Requirements of Inorganic Pigment in Properties 65 3.3.2 Impact of Inorganic Pigment Particle Characters on Coloring Properties 66 3.3.3 Safety of Inorganic Pigments in Plastic Coloring 69 3.4 Main Use of Inorganic Pigment in Plastics 70 3.4.1 Coloring for Plastics 70 3.4.2 Special Functions 71 3.5 The Main Varieties and Properties of Inorganic Pigments and Effect Pigments 76 3.5.1 Achromatic Pigments 76 3.5.2 The Main Varieties and Properties of Color Inorganic Pigment 87 3.5.3 The Main Varieties and Properties of Effect Pigments (Inorganic) 113 3.5.4 Main Varieties and Properties of Effect Pigments (Organic) 124 Chapter 4 Main Types and Properties of Organic Pigments / 132 4.1 History of Organic Pigments 132 4.2 Classification of Organic Pigments 133 4.3 Importance of Organic Pigments in Plastics Coloring 136 4.3.1 Differences Between Organic and Inorganic Pigments 136 4.3.2 Difference of Organic Pigments and Solvent Dyes 139 4.4 Relationship between Color Performance and Pigment Chemical Structure, Crystal Structure, Application Media 141 4.5 Azo Pigment 142 4.5.1 Monoazo Pigment 142 4.5.2 Disazo Pigments 176 4.5.3 Disazo Condensation Pigments 185 4.6 Phthalocyanine Pigments 201 4.6.1 Blue phthalocyanine pigments 202 4.6.2 Green Phthalocyanine Pigments 206 4.7 Heterocyclic and Polycyclic Ketonic Pigments 209 4.7.1 Dioxazine Pigments 210 4.7.2 Quinacridone Pigments 213 4.7.3 Perylene and Pyrene Ketone 220 4.7.4 Anthraquinone and Anthraquinone Ketone Pigments 227 4.7.5 Isoindolinone and Isoindoline Pigments 231 4.7.6 Diketopyrrolo-pyrrolo Pigment 237 4.7.7 Quinophthalone Pigments 244 4.7.8 Metal Complex-based Pigments 246 4.7.9 Thiazide Pigments 248 4.7.10 Pteridine Pigments 249 Chapter 5 Main Varieties and Properties of Solvent Dyestuffs / 252 5.1 Development History of Solvent Dyestuffs 252 5.2 Types, Properties and Varieties of Solvent Dyestuffs 253 5.3 Application Characteristics of Solvent Dyestuffs in Coloring of Plastics 256 5.3.1 Solubility 257 5.3.2 Sublimation 258 5.3.3 Melting Point 259 5.4 Market and Produce of Solvent Dyestuffs 259 5.5 Main Varieties and Properties of Solvent Dyestuffs 260 5.5.1 Anthraquinone Solvent Dyestuffs 261 5.5.2 Heterocyclic Solvent Dyestuffs 275 5.5.3 Methine Solvent Dyestuffs 287 5.5.4 Azo Solvent Dyestuffs 290 5.5.5 Azomethine Solvent Dyestuffs 292 5.5.6 Phthalocyanine Solvent Dyestuffs 294 Chapter 6 Plastic Colorants Inspection Method and Standard / 296 6.1 Inspection and Standard 296 6.1.1 Importance of Inspection 296 6.1.2 Adopt International Standards, Improve Enterprise Competitiveness 297 6.1.3 Quality Control Test and Application Performance Test 298 6.1.4 Standards 299 6.2 Quality Tests and Standards of Color Performance 302 6.2.1 Composition of The Basic Mixtures of PVC 303 6.2.2 Test of Color Performance 304 6.2.3 Evaluation of Color Performance 305 6.3 Evaluation of Color Stability to Heat During Processing of Coloring Materials in Plastics 307 6.3.1 Evaluation by Injection Moulding (HG/4767.2—2014, EN BS 12877-2) 307 6.3.2 Evaluation by Oven Test (HG/T 4767.3—2014, EN BS 12877-3) 308 6.3.3 Evaluation by Two-roll Milling 309 6.4 Standards and Methods of Assessment of Dispersibility in Plastics 310 6.4.1 Evaluation by Two-roll Milling 311 6.4.2 Evaluation by Filter Pressure Value Test (HG/T 4768.5—2014, EN BS 13900-5) 312 6.4.3 Evaluation by Film Test( EN BS 13900-6) 314 6.5 The Test Methods and Standard of Migration ( HG/T 4769.4—2014, EN BS 14469-4) 315 6.6 The Test Methods and Standards of Light Fastness and Weather Resistance 316 6.6.1 Sunlight Fastness and Weather Resistance Test 317 6.6.2 Light Fastness to Artificial Light and Weather Resistance Tests 320 6.7 Evaluation of Chemical Stability 326 6.7.1 Test for Acid Resistance and Alkali Resistance 326 6.7.2 Solvent Resistance Test 327 6.8 Evaluation of Warpage and Deformability 328 6.8.1 Evaluation of Degeneration or Shrinkage 328 6.8.2 Evaluation of Warpage 329 Chapter 7 Pigment Dispersion in Plastics / 331 7.1 The Purpose and Significance of Pigment Dispersion in Plastics 331 7.1.1 Improving Pigment Coloring 331 7.1.2 Meeting the Requirement of The Plastic Processing For The Pigment Dispersion 332 7.2 Dispersion of Pigments in Plastic 334 7.2.1 The Types and Properties of Particles Before Pigment Dispersion 334 7.2.2 Dispersion of Pigment in Plastic 336 7.3 Wetting 338 7.3.1 Wetting Phenomena and its Evaluation Contact Angle and Young’s Equation 338 7.3.2 Pigment Wetting 339 7.3.3 The Judgment Basis of Pigment Surface Properties——Wetting Angle 347 7.4 Pigment Dispersion 348 7.5 The Dispersion Stability of Pigments 350 7.5.1 The stabilization Mechanism of Double Electronic layer 351 7.5.2 The stabilization Mechanism of Steric Hindrance 354 7.6 Color Masterbatch and Pigment Preparation 358 7.6.1 The Definition of Masterbatch 358 7.6.2 Pigment Dispersion in the Color Masterbatch of Polyolefin 359 7.6.3 The Jewel on the Crown of the Color Masterbatch Technology—Chemical Fiber Dyeing 367 7.6.4 Pre-Dispersed Pigment Preparations for Plastics 374 Chapter 8 Practical Technology and Quality Control of Color Matching for Plastics Coloring / 376 8.1 Basic Theory and Principles of Color Matching 377 8.1.1 Basic Theory 377 8.1.2 Basic Principles of Color Matching 378 8.1.3 Color Matching for Plastics Coloring is a Complex Process 379 8.2 Basic Knowledge That Color Matching Staff Should Have 380 8.2.1 Comprehensive Understanding the Performance of Colorant 380 8.2.2 Comprehensive Understanding the Performance of Plastics 381 8.2.3 Fully Grasp the Process Conditions of Plastic Molding Process 381 8.2.4 Fully Understand the Type of Plastic Processing Aids and Master the Content 381 8.2.5 Comprehensive Understanding of the Safety Regulations of Plastic Products at Home and Abroad 382 8.3 Basic Steps of Color Matching 382 8.3.1 Preparatory Work of Color Matching 382 8.3.2 Specific Steps of Color Matching 383 8.4 Quality Control 389 8.4.1 Chromatic Aberration 390 8.4.2 Quality Control of Formula Design 394 8.4.3 Quality Control of Production 394 8.4.4 Establish Quality Control System 396 8.4.5 Problems and Solutions 397 8.5 Practical Technology of Color Matching 399 8.5.1 How to Formulate Special White Colorant for Plastic Coloring 399 8.5.2 How to Formulate Special Black Colorant for Plastic Coloring 400 8.5.3 How to Formulate Gray for Plastic Coloring 400 8.5.4 How to Formulate Colorant for Outdoor Plastic Products 401 8.5.5 How to Formulate Colorant for Transparent Products 402 8.5.6 How to Formulate Pearlescent Colorant for Plastic Coloring 403 8.5.7 How to Formulate Gold, Silver Colorant for Plastic Coloring 404 8.5.8 How to Formulate Fluorescent Colorant for Plastic Coloring 405 Reference / 406