CHAPTERONE Introduction………………………………………… 1
1.1 Motivation ……………………………………………………… 1
1.2 Researchquestions……………………………………………… 3
1.3 Method…………………………………………………………… 6
1.4 Results…………………………………………………………… 8
1.5 Contribution …………………………………………………… 10
CHAPTERTWO Hypotheses ……………………………………… 13
2.1 Boardofdirectorsandinternalcontrol……………………… 14
2.2 Individualcharacteristicsofboardmembersand
internalcontrol………………………………………………… 16
2.3 Hypothesis1to5 ……………………………………………… 18
2.3.1 H1……………………………………………………… 18
2.3.2 H2……………………………………………………… 21
2.3.3 H3……………………………………………………… 22
2.3.4 H4……………………………………………………… 23
2.3.5 H5……………………………………………………… 25
2.4 Boardchairmanandinternalcontrol ……………………… 27
2.5 Themoderatingimpactofthenatureofthedominant
shareholder …………………………………………………… 30
2.6 Themediatingimpactofboardbehaviors…………………… 32
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CHAPTERTHREE Researchdesign ……………………………… 37
3.1 Models ………………………………………………………… 37
3.2 Variables ……………………………………………………… 39
3.2.1 Dependentvariables…………………………………… 39
3.2.2 Independentvariables ………………………………… 42
3.2.3 Controlvariables ……………………………………… 48
3.5 DataandSample ……………………………………………… 51
CHAPTERFOUR Results…………………………………………… 54
4.1 Comparisonbetweenfirmswithandwithoutinternalcontrol
problems ……………………………………………………… 54
4.2 Mainmultivariateregressionanalysis ……………………… 58
4.2.1 Regressionanalysesforfullsamples ………………… 58
4.2.2 Regressionanalysisforfirmsdisclosingweaknesses … 68
4.2.3 Boardbehavior………………………………………… 71
4.2.4 Dominantshareholdernature ………………………… 72
4.2.5 Conclusion …………………………………………… 74
4.3 Additionalanalyses …………………………………………… 75
4.3.1 Regressionanalysisbyyear,industry,ownership,
exchanges,locationsandsize………………………… 76
4.3.2 Firmsthatchangedboardmembers…………………… 85
4.3.3 Theimpactoffixedeffectsatthefirmlevel ………… 86
4.3.4 Internalcontrolteam ………………………………… 86
4.3.5 TheimpactofChinaSOX …………………………… 87
4.3.6 Comparisonbetweenfinancialweaknessesand
nonfinancialweaknesses……………………………… 89
4.3.7 Theimpactofanauditcommittee …………………… 91
4.3.8 Theimpactofinternalauditors ……………………… 93
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4.3.9 Specificinternalcontrolweakness …………………… 94
4.3.10 Alternativemeasures………………………………… 96
4.3.11 Conclusionofadditionalanalyses …………………… 97
4.4 Summary ……………………………………………………… 98
CHAPTERFIVE Conclusion ……………………………………… 100
5.1 Limitations …………………………………………………… 100
5.2 Futureresearch ……………………………………………… 103
5.3 Implications…………………………………………………… 107
5.4 Conclusion …………………………………………………… 114
References ……………………………………………………………… 147