This book introduces readers to the background general framework, main operators, and other basic characteristics of biogeography-based optimization (BBO), which is an emerging branch of bio-inspired computation. In particular, the book presents the authors’ recent work on improved variants of BBO, hybridization of BBO with other algorthms, and the application of BBO to a variety of domains including transporta-tion, image processing, and neural network learning. The content will help to advance research and application of not only BBO but het whole field of bio-inspired compu-tation. The algorithms and applications are organized in a step-by-step manner and clearly described with the help of pscudo-codes and flowcharts. The readers will learn not only the basic concepts of BBO but also how to apply and adapt the lagorithms to the engineering optimization problems they actually encounter.