大学计算机基础与计算思维

第1 章 计算机基础与计算思维················· 1
1.1 计算机的发展史································· 1
1.1.1 计算工具的发展·························· 1
1.1.2 早期计算机器的发展·················· 3
1.1.3 电子计算机的发展······················ 5
1.1.4 微型计算机的发展······················ 8
1.2 计算机的分类·································· 10
1.2.1 特点与类型······························· 10
1.2.2 大型计算机······························· 11
1.2.3 微型计算机······························· 13
1.2.4 嵌入式系统······························· 15
1.3 计算机的工作原理··························· 19
1.3.1 信息编码··································· 19
1.3.2 数据存储··································· 21
1.3.3 数据传输··································· 23
1.3.4 数据计算··································· 26
1.3.5 指令系统··································· 28
1.4 计算思维的基本方法······················· 29
1.4.1 计算思维的基本特征················ 29
1.4.2 计算机如何解决问题················ 31
1.4.3 计算机不能解决的问题············ 32
第2 章 中文Windows 7 操作系统·········· 34
2.1 Windows 7 概述······························· 34
2.1.1 Windows 7 的版本介绍············· 34
2.1.2 Windows 7 系统的安装············· 35
2.2 Windows 7 桌面系统························ 39
2.2.1 鼠标、键盘及指法练习············ 39
2.2.2 桌面上的图标···························· 42
2.2.3 桌面小工具······························· 45
2.2.4 任务栏和“开始”菜单············ 46
2.2.5 个性化设置······························· 49
2.3 窗口、菜单与对话框的操作············ 53
2.3.1 认识Windows 窗口··················· 53
2.3.2 Windows 窗口的基本操作········· 55
2.3.3 窗口的排列······························· 57
2.3.4 菜单操作··································· 59
2.3.5 对话框······································· 59
2.4 文件与文件夹··································· 61
2.4.1 认识文件与文件夹···················· 61
2.4.2 文件与文件夹的基本操作········· 62
2.4.3 管理文件与文件夹···················· 66
2.5 Windows 7 用户账户管理················ 72
2.5.1 创建用户账户···························· 72
2.5.2 删除用户账户···························· 73
2.5.3 管理用户账户···························· 74
2.6 中文输入法······································ 75
2.7 附件的应用······································ 77
2.7.1 计算器的应用···························· 77
2.7.2 画图的应用······························· 78
2.7.3 记事本的基本操作···················· 80
第3 章 程序设计与软件开发基础··········· 83
3.1 程序设计概述··································· 83
3.1.1 程序设计的风格························ 83
3.1.2 结构化程序设计························ 85
3.1.3 面向对象程序设计···················· 86
3.2 算法概述·········································· 89
3.2.1 算法的基本概念························ 89
3.2.2 算法的复杂度···························· 90
3.3 数据结构基础··································· 91
3.3.1 数据结构的基本概念················ 91
3.3.2 线性表······································· 93
3.3.3 栈··············································· 95
3.3.4 队列··········································· 96
II 大学计算机基础与计算思维
3.3.5 树与二叉树······························· 97
3.3.6 查找··········································· 99
3.3.7 排序··········································· 99
3.4 软件工程基础································ 101
3.4.1 软件工程的基本概念·············· 101
3.4.2 结构化分析方法······················ 103
3.4.3 结构化设计方法······················ 105
3.4.4 软件测试及调试······················ 107
3.5 C 语言设计基础····························· 110
3.5.1 C 语言简介······························ 110
3.5.2 变量与数据类型······················ 111
3.5.3 运算符和表达式······················ 115
3.5.4 顺序结构································· 119
3.5.5 选择结构································· 122
3.5.6 循环结构································· 125