导弹火工品及其安全性

第1 章 绪论 ··············································································································· 1

1.1 导弹概述 ······································································································ 1

1.2 火工品概念 ·································································································· 4

1.3 导弹火工品用途 ·························································································· 5

1.3.1 点火作用 ··························································································· 7

1.3.2 起爆作用 ························································································· 11

1.3.3 做功作用 ························································································· 15

1.4 导弹火工品分类 ························································································ 16

1.5 导弹火工品特点 ························································································ 18

1.6 导弹火工品战术技术要求········································································· 19

本章小结 ············································································································ 21

思考题 ················································································································ 21

第2 章 火工品药剂 ································································································· 22

2.1 起爆药 ········································································································ 22

2.1.1 起爆药特性 ····················································································· 22

2.1.2 几种常用起爆药 ············································································· 28

2.1.3 对起爆药的要求 ············································································· 40

2.2 猛炸药 ········································································································ 41

2.2.1 太安 ································································································· 41

2.2.2 黑索金 ····························································································· 43

2.2.3 奥克托金 ························································································· 45

2.2.4 特屈儿 ····························································································· 47

2.3 点火药 ········································································································ 49

2.4 延期药 ········································································································ 53

本章小结 ············································································································ 56

思考题 ················································································································ 56

第3 章 典型导弹火工品 ························································································· 57

3.1 点火类火工品 ···························································································· 57

3.1.1 烟火剂点火器 ················································································· 58

3.1.2 点火发动机 ····················································································· 62

3.1.3 隔板点火器 ····················································································· 63

3.2 起爆类火工品 ···························································································· 64

3.2.1 雷管 ································································································· 64

3.2.2 导爆药柱 ························································································· 87

3.2.3 传爆管 ····························································································· 90

3.3 做功类火工品 ···························································································· 94

3.3.1 燃气发生器 ····················································································· 94

3.3.2 电爆管 ····························································································· 97

3.3.3 作动装置 ························································································· 98

3.3.4 点式分离火工装置 ······································································· 103

3.3.5 线型分离火工装置 ······································································· 110

3.4 索类火工品 ······························································································ 115

3.4.1 导火索 ··························································································· 116

3.4.2 导爆索 ··························································································· 120

本章小结 ·········································································································· 125

思考题 ·············································································································· 126

第4 章 新型火工品技术 ······················································································· 127

4.1 半导体桥起爆点火技术 ·········································································· 127

4.1.1 结构组成 ······················································································· 127

4.1.2 工作原理 ······················································································· 130

4.1.3 主要特点 ······················································································· 132

4.1.4 典型应用 ······················································································· 133

4.2 直列式起爆点火技术 ·············································································· 136

4.2.1 系统组成 ······················································································· 136

4.2.2 冲击片雷管 ··················································································· 138

4.2.3 冲击片点火管 ··············································································· 143

4.3 激光起爆点火技术 ·················································································· 146

4.3.1 激光起爆点火机理 ······································································· 146

4.3.2 激光点火技术 ··············································································· 147

4.3.3 激光起爆技术 ··············································································· 151

4.4 MEMS 火工品技术 ················································································· 154

4.4.1 MEMS 火工器件特点 ··································································· 155

4.4.2 MEMS 火工技术应用 ··································································· 156

本章小结 ·········································································································· 160

思考题 ·············································································································· 160

第5 章 火工品固有安全性 ··················································································· 161

5.1 火工品药剂安全 ······················································································ 161

5.1.1 火工品药剂的不安定因素 ···························································· 161

5.1.2 高安全火工药剂 ··········································································· 165

5.2 火工品安全设计 ······················································································ 167

5.2.1 安全编码技术 ··············································································· 168

5.2.2 抗杂散电流技术 ··········································································· 169

5.2.3 抗静电技术 ··················································································· 170

5.2.4 抗射频技术 ··················································································· 173

5.3 火工品供电安全 ······················································································ 175

5.3.1 火工品点火电路 ··········································································· 176

5.3.2 引信供电电路 ··············································································· 179

本章小结 ·········································································································· 181

思考题 ·············································································································· 181

第6 章 火工品勤务处理安全 ··············································································· 182

6.1 储存安全 ·································································································· 182

6.1.1 温度影响及效应 ··········································································· 182

6.1.2 湿度影响及效应 ··········································································· 185

6.1.3 其他因素影响及效应 ··································································· 187

6.2 转运安全 ·································································································· 188

6.2.1 振动影响及效应 ··········································································· 189

6.2.2 冲击影响及效应 ··········································································· 189

6.3 操作安全 ·································································································· 190

6.3.1 静电影响及效应 ··········································································· 191

6.3.2 射频影响及效应 ··········································································· 196

本章小结 ·········································································································· 203

思考题 ·············································································································· 203

附录A 中英导弹火工品常用词汇对照表 ···························································· 204

附录B 火工品安全国家军用标准列表 ································································ 210

参考文献 ·················································································································· 211