As people often say, "The key to decoding China is to understand the Communist Party of China (CPC)." This book unravels a mystery garnering substantial interest: How has the CPC managed to run a big country like China and made such great achievements? It begins with "running a big country as you would cook a small fish, a famous quotation from Chinese philosopher Laozi, illustrating that the CPC has made it clear that the overall goal of deepening reform in every field is to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernize China's governance system and capacity for governance. Centering around this overall goal, the book then examines how the CPC has duly tackled the three basic issues of "who's to govern", "what to govern" and "how to govern" while running the big country. It also concludes that the CPC is, in the process of reform, improving and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, while building a corresponding governance system.