This book is first-class teaching material for colleges and universities in Anhui Province. It is an experimental textbook for clinical and non-clinical undergraduates which is on the basis of the authors' reference to a large number of domestic and foreign literature, absorbing their advantages and combined with the authors' teaching and basic research experience. This book is rich in content and easy to understand. It contains lots of pictures, which is very helpful for experimental operation and structural observation.The book has 24 chapters, which are synchronized with classroom theory teaching and equipped with theoretical knowledge, exercises and so on. It can inspire students to think and learn independently, which is beneficial to improve readers' ability of analyzing and solving problems. The target readers are the clinical and non-clinical undergraduates in medical colleges, as well as relevant professional teachers and medical workers.