With the development of China’s economy and society, China has been making efforts to carry out large-scale poverty alleviation. In the past decades, over 700 million rural poor people were lifted out of poverty, and China’s poverty alleviation and development programme helped the UN achieve its Millennium Development Goal halving the proportion of people living inpoverty. Based on the overview of poverty situations, the book introduced the course of poverty alleviation and development in China, elaborated the poverty alleviation and development model with Chinese characteristics adhering to the principles — “government dominated, society involved, self-reliance, development oriented, and overall development.” It also made comprehensive summing-up of our great achievements, significant experience and major contributions to the world poverty alleviation cause, and briefly introduced the theories and practice of targeted poverty alleviation in the new era, in order to provide references for winning the fight against poverty in China and the world poverty alleviation cause.