Chapter I
From Street Entertainment to Theatric Art： A Brief History
of Chinese Dramas _ 1
1． Song Zaju and Jin Yuanben—Precursors of Yuan
Drama _ 1
2． The Development of Yuan Zaju _ 7
Chapter II
Stories about Guan Hanqing—the Original _ 18
1． Guan Hanqing—the Playwright _ 18
2． The Story of Injustice to Dou E _ 23
Chapter III
Inspirations for the Story of Injustice to Dou E _ 29
1． Origins of the Story _ 30
2． Character Input of Dou E _ 33
Chapter IV
About the Characters in Injustice to Dou E _ 40
1． The Character of Dou E _ 41
2． The Character of Dou Tianzhang _ 46
3． The Character of Tao Wu _ 47
4． The Character of Donkey Zhang _ 48
5． The Character of Sai Luyi _ 49
6． The Character of Madam Cai _ 50
Chapter V
How to Put the Story Together _ 51
1． Connecting the Past and Present _ 51
2． Being Real and Romantic _ 53
3． Enriching the Plot of a Short Story _ 58
4． Making the Characters Talk to One Another _ 70
Chapter VI
From Injustice to Dou E to Snow in June _ 76
1． Earlier Editions of Injustice to Dou E _ 78
2． Adaptations in Beijing Opera Snow in June _ 81
3． Some Thoughts about the Beijing Opera Adaptation _ 108
Chapter VII
Cultural Messages from Injustice to Dou E _ 111
1． About Filial Obedience _ 112
2． On Marriage and Fidelity _ 115
3． Personal Ambitions， Family Honor， and Family Tragedy _ 117
4． Beliefs， Choices， and Destinies _ 119
5． What if …? Is There a Different Path for Life? _ 124
Chapter VIII
English Translation of Injustice to Dou E from Beijing Opera _ 128
Beijing opera ABC _ 165
Works Consulted and Cited _ 217
Bibliography _ 218
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