It has long been one dream of mankind to repair or reconstruct the defective tissues/organs by using biomedical implants， which have similar shape， structure and function to the natural tissues/organs. As the world's most populous country， China has entered the aging society since the end of the 20th century， and is expected to supplant Japan as the world's most aging country in 2030. The aged is a highrisk and vulnerable population of serious diseases and accidental injuries because of the decline of physiological function， weak control over environment and the phenomenon of \
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