Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 The Aim of This Book
1.2 Organization
Notes to Chapter 1
Chapter 2 Basic Facts and Previous Analyses of Canonical Middles in English
2.1 Outline
2.2 Previous Analyses of Canonical Middles in English
2.2.1 Syntactic Analyses
2.2.2 Lexical Analyses
2.3 The Properties of Canonical Middles in English
2.3.1 The Properties of the Grammatical Subject
2.3.2 Adverbial Modification
2.3.3 Properties of the Implicit Agent
2.3.4 Genericity
2.3.5 Aspectual Condition
2.4 Concluding Remarks
Notes to Chapter 2
Chapter 3 On the Development of Canonical Middles in the History of English
3.1 Outline
3.2 On the Modal Interpretation of Canonical Middles in English
3.2.1 Modality in English
3.2.2 Previous Studies of the Modal Interpretation in Canonical Middles
3.2.3 A New Analysis
3.3 On Canonical Middles and Ergatives
3.3.1 The Similarities between Canonical Middles and Ergatives
3.3.2 The Differences between Canonical Middles and Ergatives
3.4 The Historical Data of Canonical Middles
3.4.1 The Historical Data of Middles in Visser (1963)
3.4.2 The Historical Data of Canonical Middles from OED
3.5 A Syntactic Analysis of the Development of Canonical Middles
3.5.1 The Structure of Canonical Middles in PE
3.5.2 The Reanalysis of Ergatives as Canonical Middles and Its Triggering Factors
3.5.3 The Later Development of Canonical Middles
3.6 Some Consequences of This Analysis
3.6.1 Aspectual Condition
3.6.2 Adverbial Modification
3.6.3 Responsibility of the Grammatical Subject
3.7 Concluding Remarks
Notes to Chapter 3
Chapter 4 On the Origin and Development of Reflexive Middles in the History of English
4.1 Outline
4.2 Previous Studies of Reflexive Middles in English and Some Basic Facts..
4.2.1 Previous Studies of Reflexive Middles in PE
4.2.2 The Properties of Reflexive Middles in PE
4.2.3 The Differences between Reflexive Middles and Reflexive Ergatives
4.3 A Historical Survey
4.3.1 On the Historical Development of Reflexive Pronouns
4.3.2 On the Origin and Development of Intransitive Reflexive Constructions
4.3.3 On Canonical Middles in the Earliest Stage in the History of English
4.4 A Syntactic Analysis
4.4.1 The Structure of Reflexive Middles in PE
4.4.2 The Reanalysis of Reflexive Ergatives as Reflexive Middles and Its Triggering Factors
4.5 On the Development of Lexical Reflexive Middles in the History of English
4.6 Concluding Remarks
Notes to Chapter 4
Chapter 5 A Syntactic Analysis of Actives, Passives,Middles and Ergatives in English
5.1 Outline
5.2 Differences between Actives, Passives, Middles and Ergatives
5.3 Theoretical Background
5.3.1 Feature Inheritance: Chomsky (2008)
5.3.2 Ouali (2008)
5.4 A New Proposal
5.4.1 A Smuggling Approach to Passives: Collins (2005)
5.4.2 The Derivation of Actives, Passives, Middles and Ergatives
5.5 Consequences
5.5.1 On the Licensing of the Implicit Argument
5.5.2 Eventivity/Non-eventivity
5.6 Concluding Remarks
Notes to Chapter 5
Conclusion
Bibliography
Papers and Books
Corpora
Dictionary