This work, aiming at the difficulties of high road traffic accidents, is intended to break through the limitations of previous accident prevention and realize two breakthroughs of traffic accident prevention, the breakthrough from group prevention to individual prevention and the breakthrough from post-accident prevention to pre-accident prevention. This work also proposes the concept and theoretical framework of active prevention of traffic accident and four corresponding prevention systems by integrating with the clustering ecological attributes of traffic participants’ traffic behaviors, i.e.: preschool pupils’ cognitive system for traffic safety, primary and secondary school pupils’ interaction system for traffic safety education, on-line training and behavior modification system of safe driving, dangerous driving experience system. This book contains full, accurate and theoretical contents and could provide new strategy and thinking for prevention and control of road traffic accident.