中华思想文化术语 历史卷（中英对照）

1 àiguó-rújiā 爱国如家

Love the Country as One Loves One’s Family ………… 1

2 àilèi 爱类

Love One’s Own Kind ………… 2

3 àimín 爱民

Love the People ………… 4

4 àimínzhěqiáng 爱民者强

Power Comes from Caring for the People. ………… 6

5 ài rén shēn zhě qiú xián jí 爱人深者求贤急

Those Who Most Love the People Will Eagerly Seek Talent. ………… 7

6 àirén-wéidà 爱人为大

Caring for Others Is the Top Priority. ………… 8

7 àirényǐdé 爱人以德

Love the People in Accordance with Rules of Moral Conduct ………… 9

8 ānjū-lèyè 安居乐业

Live in Peace and Work in Contentment ………… 10

9 ānshí-chǔshùn 安时处顺

Face Reality Calmly ………… 12

10 āntǔ-zhòngqiān 安土重迁

Attached to the Land and Unwilling to Move ………… 13

11 bàdào 霸道

Despotic Governance ………… 14

12 bǎomín 保民

Protect the People ………… 16

13 bǎomín’érwàng 保民而王

Protect the People and then Rule as a King ………… 17

14 bǐ’érbùdǎng 比而不党

Be Close but Not Cliquish ………… 18

15 bīng guì shèng, bù guì jiǔ 兵贵胜，不贵久

In War, Seek Quick Victory, Not Prolongation. ………… 19

16 bīng qiáng ér wú yì zhě cán 兵强而无义者残

A Strong Army Without Righteousness Is Destructive. ………… 20

17 bīngqiángzémiè 兵强则灭

Relying on Force and Flaunting One’s Superiority Leads to Destruction. ………… 21

18 bīngxíng-xiàngshuǐ 兵形象水

Troops Should Charge Forward like the Flow of Water. ………… 23

19 bīngyǐyìdòng 兵以义动

Fight for a Righteous Cause ………… 24

20 bīng zhě, suǒyǐ jìnbào-chúhài yě 兵者，所以禁暴除害也

War Is Fought to Stop Violence and Eliminate Evil. ………… 25

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141 lóng 龙

Dragon ………… 185

142 lúnlǐ 伦理

Ethics ………… 186

143 mǎn zhāo sǔn, qiān shòu yì 满招损，谦受益

Complacency Leads to Failure; Modesty to Success. ………… 187

144 méngyǐyǎngzhèng 蒙以养正

Enlighten the Ignorant and Make Them Follow the Right Path …… 188

145 mǐ bù yǒu chū, xiǎn kè yǒu zhōng 靡不有初，鲜克有终

All Things Have a Beginning, but Few Can Reach the End. ………… 189

146 miàohào 庙号

Temple Titles of Emperors ………… 190

147 mínbāo-wùyǔ 民胞物与

All People Are My Brothers and Sisters, and All Things Are My

Companions. ………… 191

148 mínwéibāngběn 民惟邦本

People Are the Foundation of the State. ………… 192

149 mín wú xìn bù lì 民无信不立

Without People’s Trust the State Will Not Survive. ………… 193

150 mínxīn 民心

Will of the People ………… 195

151 mínxīn-wéiběn 民心惟本

The People’s Will Is the Foundation of the State. ………… 196

152 mín yǐ shí wéi tiān 民以食为天

Food Is of Primary Importance to the People. ………… 198

153 mín yǒng zhě zhàn shèng 民勇者战胜

A Country with Brave People Can Win the Victory. ………… 199

154 mínzhǔ 民主

Lord of the People / Democracy ………… 200

155 mùnèi-túwài 睦内图外

Unity Within and Expansion Without ………… 202

156 néng zì dé shī zhě wàng 能自得师者王

Eagerness to Learn Enables One to Excel Oneself. ………… 203

157 nián 年

Lunar Year / Year ………… 204

158 niánhào 年号

Reign Title ………… 205

159 niǎojìn-gōngcáng 鸟尽弓藏

When the Birds Are Gone, the Bow Is Stored. ………… 206

160 pǐjí-tàilái 否极泰来

When Worse Comes to the Worst, Things Will Turn for the Better. …… 207

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291 zhèngzhě-zhèngyě 政者正也

Governance Means Rectitude. ………… 377

292 zhènɡzhì 政治

Decree and Governance / Politics ………… 378

293 zhīcháng-dábiàn 知常达变

Master Both Permanence and Change ………… 379

294 zhī chǐ ér hòu yǒng 知耻而后勇

Having a Feeling of Shame Gives Rise to Courage. ………… 380

295 zhǐɡēwéiwǔ 止戈为武

Stopping War Is a True Craft of War. ………… 382

296 zhì guó yǒu cháng, lì mín wéi běn 制国有常，利民为本

Governance Should Deliver Benefits to the People. ………… 383

297 zhìmínzhīchǎn 制民之产

Sustaining the People’s Livelihood ………… 384

298 zhì dà guó ruò pēng xiǎo xiān 治大国若烹小鲜

Governing a Big Country Is Like Cooking Small Fish. ………… 385

299 zhìnèi-cáiwài 治内裁外

Handling Internal Affairs Takes Precedence over External Affairs. ………… 386

300 zhìyuán-xíngfāng 智圆行方

Be Wise in Thinking and Act Properly ………… 388

301 zhōngguó 中国

Zhongguo (China) ………… 389

302 zhōnghuá 中华

Zhonghua ………… 390

303 zhòngzhì-chéngchéng 众志成城

Unity Is Strength. ………… 391

304 zìqiánɡ-bùxī 自强不息

Strive Continuously to Strengthen Oneself ………… 392

305 zìyóu 自由

Acting Freely / Freedom ………… 393

306 zōngfǎ 宗法

Feudal Clan System ………… 394

307 zōngjiào 宗教

Buddhist Teachings / Religious Sect ………… 395

308 zōngmiào 宗庙

Ancestral Temple ………… 396

309 zūnshēng 尊生

Respect Life ………… 398

310 zūnshī-zhòngdào 尊师重道

Honor Teachers and Respect Rules ………… 399

附录 Appendices

中国历史年代简表 A Brief Chronology of Chinese History ………… 401

人名索引 Index of Names ………… 403

著作名索引 Index of Cited Works ………… 406

术语条目笔画索引 Concepts Listed in Order of Number of Strokes ………… 413