Contents
1 Overview of RFID system anti-collision technology 1
1.1 RFID collision problem and research progress of anti-collision 1
1.2 RFID system anti-collision technology 10
1.2.1 Information channel and channel capacity 11
1.2.2 Software anti-collision 18
1.2.3 Physical anti-collision 25
1.3 Physical anti-collision 29
1.3.1 Definition of physical collision avoidance 29
1.3.2 The main features of physical collision avoidance 29
1.3.3 The structure of the physical anti-collision system 29
References 30
2 RFID system physical anti-collision experimental verification 34
2.1 RFID tag group performance measurement 35
2.1.1 Tag group sensitivity 35
2.1.2 Measurement system designed 36
2.1.3 Single tag sensitivity measurement 40
2.1.4 Tag group sensitivity measurement 45
2.2 Image feature matching experiment of RFID system physical anti-collision 51
2.2.1 Image feature matching based on SIFT algorithm 52
2.2.2 Image feature matching based on SURF algorithm 56
2.2.3 Image feature matching based on ORB algorithm 58
2.2.4 Algorithm comparison results and analysis 61
2.2.5 Image feature matching 62
2.3 Conclusion 66
References 66
3 Physical theory of RFID system physical anti-collision 68
3.1 Thermodynamic analysis of physical anti-collision — Research on the effect of temperature on tag performance 68
3.1.1 Fundamental principles 70
3.1.2 Design of the experimentation system 73
3.1.3 Experimental method and result analysis 77
3.2 Electromagnetism analysis of physical anti-collision—Research on the effect of humidity and salt fog on tag performance 82
3.2.1 Effect of humidity on the moving identifying performance of UHF RFID System 82
3.2.2 Effect of salt mist on the moving identifying performance of UHF RFID System 93
3.3 Kinetic analysis of physical anti-collision — Fisher informationmatrix 104
3.3.1 Channel model 106
3.3.2 Computer simulation and analysis 109
3.3.3 Antenna selection techniques 111
3.4 Conclusion 118
References 118
4 Image theory of RFID system physical anti-collision 123
4.1 Tag distribution based on image matching 123
4.1.1 Algorithm design 124
4.1.2 Experiment 126
4.2 Image processing in multi-tag movement 131
4.2.1 Image deblur theory 131
4.2.2 Estimation of image blurred angle based on Gabor filter 134
4.2.3 Estimation of image blurred length based on generalized regression neural network (GRNN) 136
4.2.4 De-motion blur analysis and analysis 141
4.3 RFID tag positioning method 144
4.3.1 Image matching overview 144
4.3.2 Image threshold segmentation technology 146
4.3.3 Edge detection algorithm 147
4.4 3D space RFID tag location 152
4.5 A novel reverse design method of tag antenna based on image analysis 157
4.5.1 Introduction 157
4.5.2 Design of UHF RFID dipole tag antenna 159
4.5.3 UHF RFID tag bend dipole antenna analysis 163
4.6 Conclusion 173
References 174
5 Optimization algorithm and RFID system physical anti-collision 176
5.1 Physical anti-collision based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) 177
5.1.1 Design and application of detection system 177
5.1.2 Establishment of 3D tag network based on template matching and edge detection 180
5.1.3 Prediction of tag distribution based on PSO neural network 186
5.2 Physical anti-collision based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) 191
5.2.1 RFID detection system 191
5.2.2 Position location of tags 197
5.2.3 Predict model of RFID tags’ distribution based on SVM 199
5.3 Physical anti-collision based on Wavelet 203
5.3.1 Design of image analysis system 203
5.3.2 3D coordinate measurement of RFID tag 206
5.3.3 RFID multi-tag wavelet neural network 214
5.4 Conclusion 219
References 220
6 Deep learning and RFID system physical anti-collision 223
6.1 RFID multi-tag 3D measurement system 224
6.1.1 System architecture 224
6.1.2 Image process module 227
6.2 The theory RFID multi-tag image denoising by FDnCNN 230
6.2.1 The proposed FDnCNN network architecture 230
6.2.2 Noise level map 232
6.2.3 Loss function 234
6.2.4 Experimental result and real-time analysis 234
6.3 Image motion blur removal 240
6.4 Multi-level wavelet-CNN for image restoration in pre-processing sub-system 244
6.4.1 Image restoration based on denoising prior 244
6.4.2 Half Quadratic Splitting (HQS) 245
6.4.3 Method from multi-level WPT to MWCNN 246
6.4.4 Network architecture 247
6.5 Multi-tag 3D position measurement based on image match 251
6.5.1 The image matching method 251
6.5.2 RFID tag 2D position measurement 251
6.5.3 RFID tag vertical position measurement 253
6.6 Nonlinear modeling method based on DBN 255
6.6.1 Restricted Boltzmann Machine 255
6.6.2 DBN 256
6.6.3 RFID tag group model based on DBN 257 <>
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