Constantly meeting the ever-growing needs of the people for a better life is fundamental to China's efforts to ensure, improve and develop livelihoods. This book analyzes the connotation of ensuring people's livelihood in China in the new era, discusses their material and cultural needs for a better life, and puts forward five essentials for ensuring livelihoods in China in the new era. It also demonstrates the great achievements in developing people's quality of life in China in six aspects: poverty alleviation, system of national education, full and high-quality employment, construction of the world's largest social security system, housing for all, and development of a healthy and beautiful China.With the multifaceted and well-balanced acceleration of its modernization, China has fully solved the enormous problem of providing basic necessities for over one billion people in the 20th century, and built a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the first two decades of the 21st century. Now, the Chinese people are striding forward towards a new era of common prosperity.