This book,guided by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the speeches delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping,discusses the approaches to upholding and improving socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing the national governance system and capacity in the new era from thirteen aspects.It is of both theoretical and practical values and covers areas such as upholding and improving the systems and institutions for the CPC’s leadership,with enhanced capacity for the CPC to exercise power based on informed decisions,democratic processes and the rule of law;upholding and improving systems and institutions that ensure the people''s participation in the decision-making process,with continuous progress in socialist democracy;upholding and improving legal institutions under socialism with Chinese characteristics and building a higher level of the rule of law in China;upholding and improving the government administration system under socialism with Chinese characteristics;maintaining and improving the basic socialist economic system with continuous drive for quality growth.