Based on the data of scientific and technological innovation index of natural resources, this book establishes a set of scientific and reasonable evaluation system for scientific and technological innovation of national natural resources from the perspectives of input and output, mainly including the construction of scientific and technological index of natural resources, the objective evaluation of the layout and current situation of scientific and technological innovation of regional natural resources, the quantitative assessment of scientific and technological innovation capability of regional natural resources, and exploration and analysis of the current situation of scientific and technological innovation in the field of natural resources and national economic industries in China. It also carries out specific analysis of scientific and technological innovation of natural resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Yellow River Ecological Belt and coastal zones.