PREFACE ...... 1
PART Ⅰ
CHAPTER 1 Tiaozhi, Lixuan, Da Qin and the Geography in the Western Regions Concerned ...... 5
CHAPTER 2 Records Relevant to The Roman Empire in Ancient Chinese Historical Works ...... 42
CHAPTER 3 A Brief Study of the References on the Mulberry, the Silkworm and Silk Production in Da Qin in the “Xiyu zhuan” of Houhanshu (ch. 88) and the “Xirong zhuan” Chapter of Weilüe ...... 151
CHAPTER 4 “Da Qin” as Seen in Naxian biqiujing and Other Issues ...... 157
CHAPTER 5 Notes on “Issues Concerning to Liqian” ...... 166
PART Ⅱ
CHAPTER 1 A History of the Relationships between the Xiongnu, Xianbei and the Western Regions ...... 179
CHAPTER 2 Doubts about the Theory of Xiongnu-Hun Identity ...... 234
CHAPTER 3 A History of the Relationships Between the Rouran and the Western Regions ...... 269
CHAPTER 4 Doubts about the Theory of Rouran-Avar Identity and the Hypothesis about Avar-Yueban Identity ...... 304
CHAPTER 5 A Letter to the Emperor of Byzantium from theTürk Khan ...... 335
BIBLIOGRAPHY [PART I] ...... 344
BIBLIOGRAPHY [PART II] ...... 370
INDEX ...... 382
POSTSCRIPT ...... 393