PREFACE ...... 1
PART Ⅰ ...... 3
CHAPTER 1 Communication Lines between East and West as Seen in Mutianzizhuan ...... 5
CHAPTER 2 On the Route of Faxian’s Pilgrimage to India and the Journeys of Zhimeng and Tanwujie to India ...... 31
CHAPTER 3 Some Problems on the Mission of Song Yun and Huisheng to the Western Regions, and the Routes of Narendraya??as, Jinagupta and Dharmagupta to China ...... 61
CHAPTER 4 On the “Three Roads” from Dunhuang to the Western Sea as Seen in Pei Ju??s Xiyutuji ...... 101
CHAPTER 5 Records on Land Communication Routes between East and West in the Official Histories of the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties ...... 121
PART Ⅱ ...... 143
CHAPTER 1 The Steppe Road Recorded in Herodotus’ History ...... 145
CHAPTER 2 The Record of the Route of Alexander the Great’s Eastern Expedition in Arrian’s Anabasis Alexandri ...... 162
CHAPTER 3 An Introduction to Isidores?? Stathmoi Parthikoi ...... 182
CHAPTER 4 The Description of the Silk Road in Ptolemy’s Geography ...... 198
APPENDIX ...... 219
CHAPTER 1 A Textual Study on the Data of Watercourses in the Western Regions as Seen in the “Heshui” of Shuijingzhu (ch. 2) ...... 221
CHAPTER 2 A Concise Commentary on the “Travels of Song Yun” ...... 274
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 319
INDEX ...... 341
POSTSCRIPT ...... 354