INTRODUCTION ...... 1
CHAPTER 1 Ethnonyms, Ethnic Origins and Ethnicity ...... 8
CHAPTER 2 Migrating Westwards to Sogdiana ...... 47
CHAPTER 3 Occupying Tokhāristān ...... 71
CHAPTER 4 Invading Sasanian Persia ...... 83
CHAPTER 5 Intruding into Gupta India ...... 91
CHAPTER 6 The Fall ...... 109
CHAPTER 7 Socio-Economic Status ...... 120
CHAPTER 8 East-West Communications ...... 126
CHAPTER 9 Modes of Control and Rule ...... 136
CHAPTER 10 Religions ...... 152
CHAPTER 11 A Textual Study on the Original Item on the State of Yeda in the “Xiyu zhuan” of Weishu (ch. 102) ...... 162
APPENDIX ...... 173
CHAPTER 1 A Re-Examination of Issues in Hephthalite History ...... 175
CHAPTER 2 Αλχονο Coins and the Ethnicity of the Hephthalites ...... 227
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 245
INDEX ...... 262
POSTSCRIPT ...... 270