CHAPTER I
The Period Prior to the “Opium Wars” (1773-1834)
CHAPTER II
The Period of “Opium Wars and the Legalization Treaty (1834-1860)
CHAPTER III
The Period of Opium Likin and the Chefoo Convention (1860-1885)
CHAPTER IV
The Period of Maintaining the Status Quo (1885-1906)
CHAPTER V
The Period of Reform (1906 onward)