CONTENTS
Overview 1
Chapter 1 Human Resources in Science and Technology 15
Section 1 Overview of Human Resources in Science and Technology 15
Section 2 R&D Personnel 16
Section 3 Cultivation of Human Resources in Science and Technology 21
Chapter 2 Research and Development Expenditure 27
Section 1 Overview of R&D Expenditure 27
Section 2 Structure of R&D Expenditure 31
Section 3 Sources and Destinations of R&D Funds 35
Section 4 Government Science and Technology Expenditure 37
Chapter 3 Output of Science and Technology Activity 40
Section 1 S&T Papers 40
Section 2 Patents 50
Section 3 Domestic Technology Transfer 59
Chapter 4 Research and Development Activity and Innovation of Enterprises 64
Section 1 R&D Activity of Enterprises 64
Section 2 R&D Activity of Industrial Enterprises 68
Section 3 R&D Collaboration and Technology Acquisition of Industrial Enterprises 78
Chapter 5 Science and Technology Activity of Higher Education Institutions 84
Section 1 Overview of Higher Education Institutions 84
Section 2 R&D Organizations and Personnel in Higher Education Institutions 87
Section 3 R&D Expenditure of Higher Education Institutions 90
Section 4 Higher Education R&D Output and Transformation 95
Chapter 6 Science and Technology Activity of Government Research Institutes 100
Section 1 Overview of Government Research Institutes 100
Section 2 R&D Personnel 102
Section 3 R&D Expenditure of Research Institutes 105
Section 4 Output and Achievement Transfer of S&T Activity 112
Chapter 7 Development of High-technology Industry 118
Section 1 High-technology Industry 118
Section 2 High-technology Products 124
Section 3 National High-technology Industrial Development Zones 127
Section 4 Venture Capital 132
Chapter 8 Regional Science and Technology Indicators 137
Annex Tables 148
Annex Table 1-1 Overview of China’s HRST stock (2006-2017) 148
Annex Table 1-2 R&D personnel of selected countries (regions) 150
Annex Table 1-3 R&D personnel of selected countries (regions) by sector of
performance 151
Annex Table 1-4 Number of undergraduate and postgraduate students (2005-2017) 152
Annex Table 1-5 Number of Chinese students studying abroad and returning home
from overseas (1990-2017) 153
Annex Table 2-1 R&D expenditure (2000-2017) 154
Annex Table 2-2 Distribution of R&D expenditure by type of activity and sector
of performance (2000-2017) 155
Annex Table 2-3 Structure of R&D expenditure by sector of performance (2017) 156
Annex Table 2-4 Central and local government S&T expenditures and their proportions
(2000-2017) 157
Annex Table 2-5 R&D expenditure of selected countries (regions) (2005-2017) 158
Annex Table 2-6 R&D intensity of selected countries (regions) (2005-2017) 159
Annex Table 2-7 R&D expenditure of selected countries (regions) by source of funding
and sector of performance (2017) 161
Annex Table 2-8 R&D expenditure of selected countries (regions) by type of R&D
activity 162
Annex Table 2-9 R&D expenditure of selected countries by type of expenditure 163
Annex Table 3-1 Number of SCI-indexed Chinese papers (2005-2017) 164
Annex Table 3-2 Number of Chinese SCI papers by discipline and type of institution
(2005-2017) 165
Annex Table 3-3 China’s efficiency of R&D expenditure and R&D personnel by
output of SCI papers (2000-2015) 165
Annex Table 3-4 Number of resident and non-resident patent applications and grants by
type (2005-2017) 166
Annex Table 3-5 Number of non-resident invention patent applications by country
(2005-2017) 168
Annex Table 3-6 Number of non-resident invention patent grants by country
(2005-2017) 169
Annex Table 3-7 Resident service and non-service invention patent grants (2005-2017) 170
Annex Table 3-8 Number of resident and non-resident patents in force by type
(2006-2017) 170
Annex Table 3-9 Number of PCT applications by country (2005-2017) 172
Annex Table 3-10 Number of triadic patent families by country (2005-2016) 173
Annex Table 3-11 Turnover of national technology market contracts (2007-2017) 174
Annex Table 3-12 National technology market contracts (2017) 175
Annex Table 4-1 Enterprise R&D personnel and R&D expenditure (2000-2017) 176
Annex Table 4-2 Sources and composition of enterprise R&D expenditure
(2010-2017) 177
Annex Table 4-3 Enterprise intramural R&D expenditure (2004-2017) 178
Annex Table 4-4 R&D intensity of industrial enterprises (2004-2017) 178
Annex Table 4-5 Experimental development expenditure of industrial enterprises and as
a percentage of R&D expenditure (2004-2017) 179
Annex Table 4-6 Industrial enterprise intramural R&D expenditure by industry (2017) 179
Annex Table 4-7 Extramural R&D expenditure of industrial enterprises by industry
(2017) 181
Annex Table 4-8 Collaborative R&D projects of industrial enterprises by partner type
(2017) 183
Annex Table 4-9 Expenditure on technology acquisition of industrial enterprises
(2000-2017) 183
Annex Table 5-1 R&D activity of regular HEIs (2005-2017) 184
Annex Table 5-2 Higher education R&D expenditure of selected countries (2017) 185
Annex Table 5-3 Ratio of higher education R&D expenditure to GDP of selected
countries (2005-2017) 186
Annex Table 5-4 Higher education papers, patents and technology market contracts
(2005-2017) 186
Annex Table 6-1 Number of research institutes (2005-2017) 187
Annex Table 6-2 Personnel of research institutes (2005-2017) 188
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