A healthy population is essential for the existence and development of human society. All economic and social activities are closely related to population. Its growth infiuences economic and social development,and national security and prosperity.Lying in northwest China and central Eurasia,Xinjiang has been a place inhabited by multiple ethnic groups since ancient times. In 60 BC,the Westem Han Dynasty established the Western Regions Frontier Com-mand to govern the Xinjiang area,officially incorporating the area into the Chinese territory. Over the following 2,000 years and more,various ethnic groups have emerged,divided and mixed there. Today they live to-gether in harmony and have formed a diverse unity.Work to remedy the backward economic and social situation in Xin-jiang began immediately after the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. The population of Xinjiang,particularly that ofits ethnic minorities,has grown fast in both size and quality,and life ex-pectancy has seen a substantial increase. Today,the region enjoys rapid growth in all areas and a stable and secure society. The ethnic groups there live in peace and contentment,and its population is experiencing healthy and balanced development.