花间听鸟鸣（汉英明信片）

　　花鸟画，是中国传统的三大画科之一。花鸟画描绘的对象，实际上不仅仅是花与鸟，而是泛指各种动植物，包括花卉、蔬果、翎毛、草虫、飞禽等类。五代以前，花鸟画基本是作为人物画的背景点缀。五代时期之后花鸟画也开始逐渐取得其独立性画科的地位。对花鸟自身艺术之美的追求在两宋时期达到了高峰。崔白、赵佶、李嵩、文同等人的作品不仅将花鸟塑造为艺术审美的对象，也成为了人们认知世界的来源。此时，宫廷的花鸟画大多以祥瑞寓意为主，而宫外的文人、民间绘画更强调花鸟画的人格之美。元代花鸟画也是文人绘画的主流之一，其中“四君子”题材尤为典型，是文人表达心中逸气和高雅之志的艺术通道。明代初期，曾经在文人群体中流行的水墨写意花鸟画进入宫廷，突破了原有的精工富丽的形式。而后，沈周、陈淳、徐渭等人更是将写意花鸟推向极致。清代，写意花鸟和工笔花鸟发展到了各自的极致。前者以八大山人和恽寿平为代表，分别展现了水墨造型的灵动和没骨花卉的清新淡雅，后者则在郎世宁为首的西法影响之下，进入对真实事物的极致再现。统而观之，中国传统花鸟画不仅仅是视觉艺术的呈现，更是古人观照自然、感受真实、融入世界的载体。本产品包含26张精美明信片。Bird-and-flower painting is a kind of traditional Chinese painting that focuses on animals and plants including flowers， grass and insects， birds and beasts， vegetables and fruits， and aquatic animals. It was once reduced to the background of figure painting before the Five dynasties， and gradually gained its disciplinary independence afterwards.The pursuit of aesthetics in bird-and-flower painting reached its peak.During the Yuan dynasty （1271-1368）， bird-and-flower painting dominated the literati painting. Represented by subject matters of “Four Gentlemen”， namely plum blossom， orchid， bamboo， and chrysanthemum， it served as a pathway for the literati to express their inner transcendence and elegance. By the Ming dynasty （1368-1644）， the court technique was extended from fine brush to freehand brush， thanks to professionals including Shen Zhou， Chen Chun and Xu Wei， among all the others. During the Qing dynasty （1636-1912）， both of the two approaches grew to their fullest.

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