Preface
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
1.1 Polymers and the scope of the book
1.2 A brief history of the development of synthetic polymers
1.3 The chemical nartue of polymers
1.4 Properties and applications
1.5 Polymer processing
1.6 Further reading
2 Some physical tecniques for studying polymers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)and differential thermal analysis(DTA)
2.3 Density measurement
2.4 Light scattering
2.5 X-ray scattering
2.6 Infrared and Raman spectroscopy
2.7 Nuclear magnetic resonanec spetroscopy(NMR)
2.8 Optical and electron microscopy
2.9 Further reading
3 Molecular sizes and shapes and ordered structures
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Distributions of molar mass and their determination
3.3 The shapes of polymer molecules
3.4 Evidence for ordered structures in solid polymers
3.5 Further reading
3.6 Problems
4 Regular chaing and crystallinity
4.1 Regular and irregular chains
4.2 The determination of crystal structures by X-ray diffraction
4.3 Information about crystal structures from other methods
4.4 Crystal structures of some common polymers
4.5 Further reading
4.6 Problems
5 Morphology and motion
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The degree of crystallinity
5.3 Crystallites
5.4 Non-crystalline regions and polymer macro-comformations
5.5 Spherulites and other polycrstalline structures
5.6 Crystallisation and melting
5.7 Molecular motion
5.8 Further reading
5.9 Problems
6 Mechanical properties I-time-independent elasticity
6.1 Introduction to the mechanical properties of polymers
6.2 Elastic properties of isotropic polymers at small strains
6.3 The phenomenology of rubber elasticity
6.4 The statistical theory of rubber elasticity
6.5 Modifications of the simple molecular and phenomenological theories
6.6 Further reading
6.7 Problems
7 Mechanical properties II-linear viscoelasticity
7.1 Introduction and definitions
7.2 Mechanical models
7.3 Experimental methods for studyingviscoelastic behaviour
7.4 Time-temperature equivalence and superposition
7.5 The glass transition in amorphous polymers
7.6 Relaxations for amorphous and crystalline polymers
7.7 Further reading
7.8 Problems
8 Yield and fracture of polymers
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Yield
8.3 Fracture
8.4 Further reading
8.5 Problems
9 Electrical and optical properties
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Electrical Polarisation
9.3 Conducting polymers
9.4 Optical properties of polymers
9.5 Further reading
9.6 Further reading
10 Oriented polymers I-production and characterisation
10.1 Introductin-hte meaning and importance of orientation
10.2 The productin of orientation in synthetic polymers
10.3 The mathematical description of molecular orientation
10.4 Methods of representingtypes of orientation
10.5 The combination of methods for two-phase systems
10.6 Methods of representing types of orientatin
10.7 Further reading
10.8 Problems
11 Oriented polymers II-models and properties
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Models for molecular orientation
11.3 Comparison between theory and experiment
11.4 Comparison between predicted and observed elastic properties
11.5 Takayanagi composite models
11.6 Highly oriented polymers nad ultimate moduli
11.7 Further reading
11.8 Problems
12 Polymer blends,copolymers and liquid-crystal polymers
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Polymer blends
12.3 Copolymers
12.4 Liquid-crystal polymers
12.5 Further reading
12.6 Problems
Appendix:cartesian tensors
Solutions to problems
Index
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