医用有机化学 Medical Organic hemistry

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1．1 Organic compounds and organic chemistry
1．2 Features of organic compounds
1．3 Atomic orbital
1．4 Electron configuration
1．5 lonic and covalent bonds： octet rule
1．6 The carbon-carbon covalent bond
1．7 How the structure of a compound is represented
1．8 Molecular orbitals
1．9 Molecular geometry
1．10 Acids and bases
1．11 Reaction mechanism
1．12 Functional groups and families of organic compounds
1．13 Significance of studying organic chemistry
CHAPTER 2 ALKANES AND CYCLOALKANES
2．1 Alkanes
2．2 Cycloalkanes
2．3 Pheromones：communication by means of chemicals
CHAPTER 3 ALKENES， ALKYNES AND CONUGATED DIENVES
3．1 Alkenes
3．2 Alkynes
3．3 Conjugated dienes
3．4 Dynemicin A： An enediyne drug
CHAPTER 4 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
4．1 Classification of aromatic hydrocarbons
4．2 Structure of benzene
4．3 Nomenclature of derivatives of benzene
4．4 Physical properties of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
4．5 Chemical properties of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
4．6 Effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation in aromatic electrophilic substitution
4．7 Fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbons
4．8 Aromaticity and Hückel rule：4n+2π electron rule
4．9 Some aromatic compounds in biochemistry
CHAPTER 5 STEREOCHEMISTRY
5．1 Types of isomers
5．2 Optical activity．plane-polarized light
5．3 Properties of enatiomers
5．4 Prediction of enantiomerism
5．5 Compounds with only one chiral carbon
5．6 Representations of molecules containing chiral carbons： Fischer projections
5．7 Assignment of the configurations of chiral carbons
5．8 Compounds with more than one chiral carbon
5．9 Enantiomers without chiral carbons
5．10 Chirality in the biological world
5．11 Origin of biological properties relating to chirality
CHAPTER 6 ALKYL HALIDES
6．1 Nomenclature of alkyl halides
6．2 Physical properties of alkyl halides
6．3 Chemical properties of alkyl halides
6．4 Preparation of alkyl halides
6．5 Inconvenient DDT
CHAPTER 7 ALCOHOLS， PHENOLS， AND ETHERS
7．1 Alcohols
7．2 Phenols
7．3 Ethers
7．4 Thioalcohols， thioethers and disulfides
CHAPTER 8 ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
8．1 Chemical structure of the carbonyl group
8．2 Nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones
8．3 Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones
8．4 Oxidation of aldehydes
8．5 Nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones
8．6 Reduction
8．7 Nucleophilic addition of water： hydration
8．8 Nucleophilic addition of alcohol：acetal formation
8．9 Nucleophilic addition of amines to form imines and enamine
8．10 Nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagent：alcohol formation
8．11 Nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide：cyanohydrin formation
8．12 Keto-Enol tautomerism
8．13 Acidity of alpha hydrogen atoms：enolate anion formation
8．14 Reactivity of enols and enolateions
8．15 Alkylation of aldehydes and ketones
8．16 Halogenation of aldehydes and ketones and haloform reaction
8．17 Condensation of aldehydes and ketones：the aldol reaction
CHAPTER 9 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES
9．1 Carboxylic acids
9．2 Carboxylic acid derivatives
9．3 Other carboxylic acid derivatives
CHAPTER 10 AMINES AND HETEROCYCLES
10．1 Nomenclature of amines
10．2 Structure of amines
10．3 Physical properties of amines
10．4 Chemical properties of amines
10．5 Synthesis of amines
10．6 Heterocyeles
10．7 Sulfa drags
CHAPTER 11 CARBOHYDRATES
11．1 Monosaecharides
11．2 Disaccharides
11．3 Polysaccharides
CHAPTER 12 LIPIDS
12．1 Classification of lipids
12．2 Fatty acids
12．3 Structure and physical property of triacylglycerols
12．4 Chemical reactions of triaeylglycerols
12．5 Amphipathie hydrolyzable lipids
12．6 Steroid： cholesterol， steroid hormones and bile salt
CHAPTER 13 PROTEINS
13．1 Introduction
13．2 Reactions of amino acids
13．3 Synthesizing amino acids
13．4 Condensation of amino acids and formation of peptides
13．5 A brief introduction of proteins
CHAPTER 14 NUCLEIC ACID
14．1 Introduction
14．2 Nucleotides and nueleosides
14．3 Nucleic acid structure
References