Contents
1 Introduction: Meaning and Reference 1
PART I Reference and Referring 7
2 Definite Descriptions 9
3 Proper Names: The Description Theory 31
4 Proper Names: Direct Reference and the Causal–Historical Theory 45
PART II Theories of Meaning 67
5 Traditional Theories of Meaning 69
6 “Use” Theories 79
7 Psychological Theories: Grice’s Program 90
8 Verificationism 103
9 Truth-Condition Theories: Davidson’s Program 114
10 Truth-Condition Theories: Possible Worlds and Intensional Semantics 129
PART III Pragmatics and Speech Acts 139
11 Semantic Pragmatics 141
12 Speech Acts and Illocutionary Force 150
13 Implicative Relations 162
PART IV The Expressive and the Figurative 181
14 Expressive Language 183
15 Metaphor 196
Glossary 215
Bibliography 218
Index 233
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